This paper describes concerns for the implementation of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) technology at an older conventional water treatment plant located in Barberton, Ohio. Actual specifications language and evaluation forms are used to illustrate potential solutions to obtaining full implementation costs and providing detailed econ...

The paper describes the evaluation of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and ion exchange to meet the consumptive use constraints and finished water quality goals for Broward County Florida...

This paper describes the work realted to the design, pilot teting and startup of the City of Deerfield Beach nanofiltraton membrane plant using low fouling membrane technology....

This paper describes the design of a membrane treatment facility for Miami Dade Water and Sewer District for the dual treatment objectives of membrane softening and nitrate reduction for the South Miami Heights WTP. In addition, this facility will use an integrated membrane approach using parallel treatment trains of ultralowpressure (ULP) reverse...

This paper also discusses how an innovative evaluated bid process was used for selection and procurement of the membrane treatment system. Implementation of a 50 MGD Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration System for the Existing Racine Water Treatment Facility...

This paper presents a summary of analyses conducted for the City of Highland Park, IL evaluating the implementation of membrane filtration for increased capacity and/or advanced disinfection and comparing the economics to various alternative treatment strategies....

The paper descibes a worldwide inventory and a survey done in 2003 of full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facilities using membrane technologies The purpose of the inventory was to evaluate the types of membranes in use, geographical distribution, and chronological trends....

This paper describes the feasibility of: Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent for industrial supply, municipal supply and irrigation ;Reclamation of previously unsuitable (diverted) water for raw water supply and Treating poor quality groundwater to potable supply quality...

This PowerPoint describes the Startup of the 40-mgd Glades Road Nanofiltration Plant for the City of Boca Raton...

The PowerPoint presentation reviews concentrate disposal methods for reverse osmosis facilities in the United States...

The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) has placed increased emphasis on the development of alternative water supplies for South Florida due to concerns of increased withdrawals on the sustainability of the Biscayne Aquifer. As a result, an application for a consumptive use permit renewal must now include provisions for the development ...

The City of Marco Island operated a wastewater treatment facility comprised of three parallel treatment units. The existing wastewater treatment facility is bound by various commercial and utilities sites with little available land for new structures. A real estate boom and extensive sewering program resulted in an increased demand for utilities s...

This paper describes a Pilot-Scale Investigation of the Effects of Water Blending on an Existing Hybrid Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis System The project includes the assessment of membrane performance, biological activity, water stability, and foulant analysis. The results presented found the blending should not result in any adverse effects....

This presentation describes a city's goal of implementing a desalination project supplied by beach wells to facilitate city-wide redevelopment. Significant measures were taken to reduce both capital and operating costs through energy recovery, high efficiency pumps, and off-peak operation. By utilizing this design approach, and making use of a 50% ...

This paper described the design and construction of the City of Clewiston 3 mgd reverse osmosis plant, a grass roots facility that included new raw water supply wells, new water treatment plant and a deep injection disposal well...

This paper describes the results of a pilot-scale study to optimize granular media filtration and ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment systems in a reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination process and presents initial results that compare alternative pretreatment systems. The testing program includes three major activities water quality monitoring, ...

This paper discuss' why package MBR units are not just plug and play. There is a tremendous amount of interaction and involvement required by all parties - the Utility, the Engineer, and the Manufacturer - for the successful implementation of the prepackaged units. Some of the key issues brought up both during design, construction, and operations ...

This paper will summarize the challenges and solutions faced during design and construction of the Weatherford, Texas Water Purification Plant microfiltration facility. Those challenges include limited space at the existing facility, and compatibility issues for operating the new membrane filtration process in parallel with the existing treatment ...

The paper will provide an overview of the effort at Deerfield Beach new RO plant for any new equipment required, tie-ins to existing equipment, pilot test results, water quality issues, etc. The paper will also discuss the pilot test results which are the basis for the concentrate reuse option....

This paper describes the pilot testing and retrofit of a CA UF drinking facility treating a degraded quality surface water which operates with ZLD. Challenges encountered during the project include: permtting, deteriorating source water quality and continued operations. Final design eliminates one stage, decreases flux by 15% and reduces energy a...

This is a paper not only about concentrate disposal and experiences in high usable product water recovery, but also about the basic considerations necessary to achieve that high membrane recovery....

Improving Nanofiltration Plant Performance The City of Pompano Beach Case Study...

Overview of the design, construction and commissioning issues associated with retrofitting a conventional filter basin with membrane filtration technology...

General presentation on microfiltration/ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis municipal applications, capabilities and regulatory requirements....

Traditional treatment of acid rock drainage consists of pH adjustment, clarification, and sand filtration. Then the pH is adjusted back to a normal range and the effluent is discharged. These operations are prone to clarifier upsets and filter clogging. A ceramic MF membrane was used to replace the clarifier and sand filter. This membrane was opera...

This paper evaluates the use of secondary versus tertiary water for sourcewater ro indirect potable reuse. The addition of Mannich polymer for tertiary treatment results in increased NDMA formation. Ths paper compares the operation of the unit processes for the indirect potable reuse on both source waters. The source water and product water quali...

High recovery RO techniques are being developed which can recover from 90 to 98% of the water leaving a relatively small volume concentrated brine that can be cost effectively managed. In order to attain such high recovery, special precautions and pre-treatment procedures are necessary to minimize fouling, including softening and the use of antisca...

Tidally influenced surface water sources that are being treated or being considered for treatment include the Taunton River in the Massachusetts, the Hudson River in New York, the Chesapeake Bay, Tampa Bay, and the San Francisco Bay. These raw water sources can experience changes in salinity as great as 10,000 mg/l and changes in temperature of ove...

Discussion of the five basic membrane technologies: MF, UF, NF, RO and ED; and the general class of membrane treatment capabilities. Examples of special treatment considerations in understanding how various drinking water membrane are utilized innovative applications....

Case study of operating costs for Minster, OH membrane softening (MS) / nanofiltration (NF) WTP. Treatment O&M cost by category i.e. chemicals, electric, engineering services, labor, membrane replacement, etc. Membrane specific O&M cost by Components....

The development of membrane based brine minimization alternatives that do not require traditional lime softening pre-treatment provide the designers and operators of inland brackish water RO systems additional tools for concentrate management. The most cost effective alternative will depend on the feedwater chemistry, ultimate disposal options, fun...

This paper presents the approach taken in both permitting and design of the Sand City seawater desalination facility and will provides an update on one year's worth of operating data, costs, and challenges to complete permitting and startup as well as energy recovery considerations....

Biscayne Aquifier, Floridan Aquifer, South District Water Reclamation Plant, Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department...

This paper will present the innovative membrane treatment plant design for the Dania Beach membrane plant that was developed to meet these challenges by maximizing system recovery while providing a developed to meet these challenges by maximizing system recovery while providing a high degree of operating flexibility. This design includes a two stag...

Membrane Filtration Systems for RO Pretreatment...

This paper discusses various Ultrafiltration performance issues that were encountered and pretreatment strategies that were developed and tried out to optimize the performance of the UF/RO system on a landfill leachate. Biofouling, solids interference, anaerobic conditions were some of the conditions that needed to be addressed and resolved. Includ...

This presentation discusses the application of membrane reactor technology for nutient removal and water reuse. Aqlternative flowsheets are presented, with a discussion of alternatives to RO for MBR effluent polishing. A case study for Rancho Rio, NM, is presented....

This PowerPoint discusses microfiltration and ultrafiltration plant design considerations....

This presentation discusses microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane types, design parameters, raw water quality impacts, facility layout design, and system component design. The presentation begins with general terms and then transitions to design tips for pressure and submerged systems inclusive of equipment layout, pumps, piping, a...

This presentation discusses project delivery methods and compares the design-build approach with the design-bid-build and construction manager at-risk methods. The comparison includes data on relative unit cost, construction speed, delivery speed, and schedule growth. Types of design-build arrangements are also discussed including prescriptive bids...

This presentation provides a review of microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies for municipal applications. Presentation topics include membrane types, terminology, feed and filtrate water quality, and system components. The presentation concludes with a comparison between MF/UF operations for drinking ...

This presentation discusses the challenges associated with recovering produced water for potable water use. It discuses regulatory challenges, economic factors, and treatment approaches utilized in pilot testing....

This presentation covers MF/UF water quality, performance, and applications. It provides an overview of the basic principles of membrane filtration, typical MF/UF treatment objectives and elaborates on the differences between pressurized and submerged systems....

PILOT TESTING OF THE LOWER HUDSON RIVER FOR POTABLE WATER PRODUCTION.within Haverstraw Bay approximately 40 miles upstream, United Water New York Inc. is pilot testing various technologies to produce potable water. This reach of the river is brackish and can see primarily freshwater conditions during high river flow conditions to saline brackish w...

The East Cherry Creek Valley Water and Sanitation District (District) is constructing a 10 MGD brackish water reverse osmosis project to provide a new renewable water source to a portion of the southeast metropolitan Denver that is currently served exclusively from deep non-renewable groundwater. The District evaluated several concentrate disposal ...

An account of the challenges operating and expanding the Alameda County, CA Water District?s Newark Brackish Water Desalination Facility is provided. Topics detailed include historical operational performance and cost, upgrading of cartridge prefilters, stainless piping well failures due to corrosion and concentrate disposal....

Study compares advanced treatment pilot testing results aimed at reducing maintenance costs while also improving contaminate rejection in application of indirect and direct potable water reuse. Evaluation focuses on failing rate, salt passage and reduction of contaminants of emerging concern. Reverse Osmosis membranes from three manufacturers were ...

Presentation provides an in-depth look at the use of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane applications. Both skid mounted and submerged configurations were reviewed with the relative benefits of each defined. The technologies are offered as effective tools for turbidity and pathogen removal or for pretreatment for complex nanofiltration or ...

Shale oil and gas, accessed by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, is a critical and growing part of North American energy production plans. One of the challenges faced during extraction is the treatment and management of flowback, also called frac or produced water. In this presentation a flowsheet is examined with a focus on viable a...

This paper is a case study that discusses increasing the recovery of the he Leo J. Vander Lans Water Treatment Facility (LVLWTF) to 92%. The plant was designed or a microfiltration recovery of 94% and a reverse osmosis recovery rate of 85%. In this study the 3rd stage RO system was piloted to confirm its viability. This paper then highlights the d...

This paper discusses the implications that increasing water recovery has on feed water chemistries and how additional pretreatment is required to eliminate specific solute compounds from interfering with reverse osmosis (RO) system separations and efficiency. Examples of actual system designs with specific feed water chemistries are discussed to s...

This paper will compare operating results from the membrane filtration and RO systems applied for indirect potable reuse (IPR), comparing each system configuration and membrane type based on fouling rates, product water quality, and energy usage. These results will also be compared against available operating information from full-scale facilities...

This paper describes work to consider design with energy recovery systems for tidally influenced surface water sources that have wide variations in TDS and temperature The overall power consumption for the two turbocharger options, the motor assisted turbocharger option and the pressure exchanger system were evaluated. This demonstrates the sens...

This paper presents full-scale start-up and performance results for the upgraded East Valley Water District Plant 134, with the implementation of enhanced coagulation using ferric chloride followed by in-line filtration with submerged PVDF membranes. Operational approaches and results relative to disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor and total o...

This paper describes the start-up of the East Cherry Creek Valley Water and Sanitation District (ECCV) 10.9 million-gallon-per-day (MGD) brackish water reverse osmosis (RO) treatment facility in 2012 during record breaking temperatures. The plant provides a renewable water source to areas of southeast metro Denver currently served exclusively by no...

Presents a discussion on the drivers to impliment membrane technology and an overview of membrane configurations. Discusses considerations for feed and product water quality with an basic overview of where low pressure membranes are typically applied....

This presentation from a preconference workshop in 2014 for Back to Basics on membrane technology discusses microfiltration and ultrafiltration water quality and how it influences system performance. System design and MF/UF applications are presented....

This paper discusses the use of in-line filtration with ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor reduction, the challenges experienced during start-up of the facility, and the measures taken to address these challenges. The paper also demonstrates that while the membrane processes are often the focus of membrane f...

Data generated from the City of San Diego Advanced Water Purification (AWP) demonstration project was used to support the City?s proposal for conditional regulatory approval and estimate of capital, operational and maintenance (O&M) costs of a potential full-scale project. The potential full-scale project would purify tertiary effluent from North C...

A desalination system comprising of two purification stages was developed: (1) a low-pressure forward osmosis pre-treatment stage that eliminates foulants from the feed water followed by (2) a high-pressure high-permeability reverse osmosis stage. The final prototype system demonstrated at the Port Hueneme facility desalinated a highly fouling chal...

During the last decade, the water industry has observed the dramatic increase in the application of Microfiltration (MF)/Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for water and wastewater treatments. According to the latest report from the Global Water Intelligence, the global MF/UF membrane market is estimated to be around $220 mil. based on membrane sales o...

The paper presents the final membrane design integration into an existing facility that took advantage of site grading in order to be able to implement a unique membrane siphon design for anew submerged membrane system. Lessons learned during construction, installation, and initial membrane facility operation are discussed for this 24 MGD installa...

A 2007 pilot study by CH2M Hill identified electrodialysis reversal (EDR) as the preferred main treatment process to reduce source water contaminants to below drinking water standards. EDR was preferred over RO due to high silica levels in the source groundwater, and over an activated alumina process. The pilot study concluded the EDR teesting demo...

Research was conducted on a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant system utilizing a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for treatment of nitrate and perchlorate where the MBfR uses anaerobic autotrophic biodegradation for the complete destruction of nitrate and perchlorate. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of MBfR techn...

Surface water treatment plant in Sugarland, TX to reduce dependence on groundwater resources. Use of an integrated membrane system to provide multiple barriers....

Pretreatment at a City of Fort Worth TX water treatment plant to a low pressure hollow fiber membrane system used ozone, clarification, and biological anthracite filters. Design, planning and operations are discussed....

Saga of the Cambria Community Service District starting in 1987 to develop a seawater desalination system stymied by the California Coastal Commission was abandon after a tumultuous period of opposition from vocal community groups and regulatory agencies due to enviornmental concerns. Modifications resulted in an Advance Water Treatment Project (A...

It's expected that MF/UF system design will continue to move towards standardization as previously observed in the RO membrane industry. A universal skid design would be a significant advancement to the low pressure market, fostering end user confidence and increasing the overall potential for system sales. The first of its kind universal MF/UF ...

This session will discuss the process layout, design, performance parameters, and operating procedures of the army base, Joint Base Lewis-McChord's wastewater membrane filtration treatment of secondary effluent. We will discuss the startup and testing of the system in the context of the entire plant startup and testing. And will touch on alternativ...

This paper will present current concentrate management practices for select desalination facilities throughout the world. Benefits and drawbacks of each strategy will be discussed. This paper will also present numerous factors that should be considered when evaluating concentrate management strategies for a new desalination facility...

This paper examines a SWRO project in California and the key concerns of energy cost, source water supply and brine disposal. An innovative design using a new generation hybrid configuration of low pressure SWRO membranes and high boron rejection SWRO membranes is presented....

This paper compares brine minimization processes and examines the level of brine reduction that can be achieved, the limiting factors for brine minimization using membrane systems, and the advantages and disadvantages, operability and the relative economics of both the membrane and thermal process alternatives. Strategies for minimizing the treatme...

This paper will provide an overview of the EDR process and describe the initial steps of startup of the system at the Irwin Water Works at Fort Erwin.High recovery rates and zero liquid discharge are some of the goals of the project....

This paper will present efforts at the City of Clearwater, FL to increase overall production of water by process performance studies and the approach to the design of the expansion. Challenges encountered and overcome throughout the course of this project, lessons learned, and select full-scale operating data will also be presented. Arsenic adsorp...

This paper looks at four separate membrane filtration facilities where universal or semi-universal membrane skids have been incorporated, comparing design approaches, contracting approaches and plant operation with comparable facilities using proprietary membrane filtration systems. The paper also discusses the impact on construction at one facilit...

The presentation provides an overview of the alternatives and the estimated costs for the Kay Bailey Hutchison (KBH) Desalination Facility in El Paso, Texas to deal with increasing TDS levels in the groundwater that they treat using a low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) process, and blend the low TDS permeate with groundwater. The groundwater TDS h...

This paper provides a case history of the Highland Park Water Treatment Project, highlighting how repurposing existing structures was used to meet the project goals. The project involved retrofitting an existing 21 MGD facility with a modern 30 MGD submerged membrane system. Special attention was paid to the limited space available for this 40% inc...

This paper will present the challenges and solutions to implementing low pressure membranes at the Dallas County Park Cities Municipal Utility District (DCPCMUD), plant that treats surface water from Lake Grapevine. The membrane start-up challenges and lessons learned from over two years of membrane facility operation are presented. The change at t...

The Guidelines for Water Reuse published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2012 facilitates development of water reuse by serving as an authoritative reference. The document covers both non-potable and potable reuse, but does not provide detailed information on current direct potable reuse practices. A challenge in imple...

This presentation will discuss various factors that can affect the discharge of concentrate to surface water bodies. Factors such as water quantity and quality, environmental conditions, public concerns, and regulations, among others, will be examined. Case studies which highlight the significance of such factors will also be presented....

One of the primary operational concerns with any membrane plant is fouling. This becomes even more of a concern at higher recovery and flux rates. A case study at a high recovery municipal installation demonstrates the ill effects of fouling from silica, calcium fluoride, and other foulants, as well as methods to identify and monitor, manage, and r...

The use of reverse osmosis (RO) to treat municipal wastewater for various reuse purposes has gained considerable momentum in recent years, with multiple facilities now exceeding 100 million gallon per day (mgd) in capacity. Early wastewater RO (WWRO) facilities, built 10 to 15 years ago, were generally designed with low RO fluxes to reduce the risk...

The Cambria Sustainable Water Facility is an indirect potable reuse facility located along the central coast of California. This presentation will focus on handling the brine discharge from the facility, including a summary of options and a discussion of the first year of operation....

The Cambria Sustainable Water Facility is an indirect potable reuse facility located along the central coast of California. This presentation will focus on start-up and operation of the plant, including operational challenges and product water quality....

The New Belgium Brewing Company recently evaluated the effectiveness, reliability, and robustness of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology at their Fort Collins, Colorado craft brewery. The pilot study drivers were the performance limitations of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) digesters, space constraints and a desire to...

San Andres Island is located in the Caribbean northwest of the Colombian Coast. The northern part of the island is the center of the urban population and tourism, whereas the southern part of the island has a lower density, more rural population. The existing total water demand for the entire island is estimated around 5.14 mgd; however, the existi...

The Carlsbad Water Recycling Facility (CWRF) is owned by the Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD) and operated and maintained by Encina Wastewater Authority. Located in Carlsbad, CA, the CWRF treats secondary effluent from the adjacent Encina Water Pollution Control Facility to produce up to 4.0 mgd of Title 22 recycled water. The CWRF was cons...

The City of Highland Park, IL has recently completed implementation of a new 30 MGD submerged ultrafiltration membrane system into their existing drinking water treatment plant. Severe site constraints presented several challenges to the project and requried repurposing of many existing structures....

The EPCWCID 4 (District) water quality has deteriorated in the past years. A grant from USDA was provided for the design and construction of the RO facilities. The RO facility will allow the District to expand their existing Fe and Mn pretreatment capabilities to also remove TDS. The new system sets the District at the cutting edge of technology f...

A newly built zero-liquid discharge industrial wastewater treatment plant for the treatment of groundwater flow from a railroad tunnel provides an excellent example of an elegant solution to a highly constrained challenge. The design of the plant was constrained by a lack of sewer or water connections, a small space in the midst of a ski resort to ...

The City of Carlsbad installed a 3.4 mgd UF facility to expand the reuse from the adjacent Encina Water Reclamation Facility. Water quality from the upstream wastewater plant resulted in various operational challenges during initial plant start-up. The plant operators and design-build team were able to adjust maintenance cleaning approaches and rep...

This presentation uses operations at an existing 10 mgd inland desalter facility (with an additional 10 mgd expansion currently being designed) and analysis from a four-stage pilot system to outline strategies to reduce the cost of high recovery RO, increase recovery of costly water resources thereby decreasing reliance on non-renewable water, and ...

This presentation provides an overview of the commissioning and performance proving of a highly complex 6 MGD water treatment plant designed, built, and commissioned by CDM Smith. Located in the USA?s Mojave Desert, the treatment processes include three different membrane treatment systems (EDR, UF, and RO) in addition to lime softening, ion exchan...

The Guidelines for Water Reuse published by the USEPA have served as an authoritative nationalwide reference in the support of state specific regulations. The document covers both non-potable and potable reuse, and was supplemented in 2017 with a Potable Reuse Compendium, focusing on key issues with the implementation of potable reuse. This present...

A newly built zero-liquid discharge industrial wastewater treatment plant for the treatment of groundwater flow from a railroad tunnel provides an excellent example of an elegant solution to a highly constrained challenge. The lessee of the one-hundred-year-old Moffat Tunnel in the Rocky Mountains was newly required to treat the water flowing from ...

JEA recently completed Phase I of a 3-Phase plan to test and implement a potable reuse project. Phase I was a pilot-scale evaluation of alternative treatment trains (O3-BAF vs. UF/RO) on two significantly different source waters (residential vs. industrial/residential). This paper and presentation will present the approach and operating protocol us...

The Kay Bailey Hutchinson Desalination Plant (KBH) in El Paso, TX has been operating for over 10 years. After 10 years of operation and changes in the water quality, it can no longer produce at the design capacity. A membrane replacement and the addition of interstage booster was determined to be a solution to return KBH to its design capacity....

Use of RO membranes to remove PFOS, PFAS, GenX, and Dioxane from drinking water obtained from a surface water supply (Cape Fear River). Contaminants of concerns are present in water supply due to discharge of compounds to the river and current conventional treatment does not remove them. The wo-stage RO membrane pilot test demonstrated the ability ...

The presentation describes the pilot testing arrangement with an infiltration supply well, ultrafiltration pre-treatment system and three stages of NF membranes to simulate full scale operation to reduce TOC to less than 0.8 mg/L. The pilot equipment was operated for three months at 90% to 96% recovery, and operational data were collected on pressu...

The presentation will review the Simplot Process Water Treatment and Return Plant as an overview for understanding the project development prior to plant tour. Up to 3.2 MGD of the potato processing wastewater is treated in a complete zero-liquid discharge facility using Enhanced Biological Nutrient Removal, MBR and RO membranes and on-site evapor...