Testing standards for membrane treatment efficacy are defined and reviewed through test results. Steps to gain greater technology acceptance throgh integrity verification are suggested....

This presentation discusses a pilot-study evaluation at the Marden Water Treatment Plant in Boise, ID of an ion exchange resin dosed in line with a pressure driven ultrafiltration membrane in the context of NOM removal, membrane flux and fouling....

This manuscript presents the results of two pilot studies used to evaluate the minimum monitoring proposed under the 2003 draft version of LT2ESWTR. It also describes the role of alternate indirect methods in maintaining system performance and protection of public health....

This paper presents an economic comparison of stand-alone RO and conjunctive RO/ASR facilities proposed for the North Padre Island project, as well as an analysis of the ability of each system to meet current and projected maximum day and average day demands....

The paper decribes the economic evaluations that were developed for the City of Corpus Christi Texas for a baseline 5.0 mgd desalination project capacity, and recommendations for phased project implementation were developed. Based on the results of the study, the City of Corpus Christi is considering the role brackish water desalination may play i...

This paper will describe this delivery approach for a membrane bioreactor system and tools for managing associated risks. In addition, construction activities and lessons learned (to date) will so be provided. Clackamas County Water Environment Services (WES) initiated design for Phase I of the Tri-City Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) Expan...

This presentation is an update on the Joint Water Reuse Taskforce efforts on concentrate disposal. Included in the presentation are the drivers for the project including the fact that disposal is a commonly overlooked item. The presentation covers ideal options, typical alternatives, emerging technologies and the need to guidance. The paper then sh...

This excellent presentation covers the reduction of RO brine for inland desalination facilities. It starts by covering the basic drivers and recovery issues and then moves on to discuss the benefits of high recovery and the various concentrate disposal methods including conventional and emerging. The presentation then moves to discuss the USBR proj...

Paper gives a decision matrix to determine the best method of concentrate disposal for a particular region....

Overview of the preliminary work of the Affordable Desal Coalition to prove the reliability and affordability of seawater reverse osmosis....

This paper will site and discuss how energy plays an important role in the cost of seawater reverse osmosis. A review of new and existing SWRO system designs will identify important process elements that can affect a facility's energy consumption....

This presentation reviews how utilities evaluate alternative sources of supply to meet their potable water needs including desalination and membrane softening. General industry trends and project challenges specific to inland desalination applications in the western United States is reviewed....

The Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is a California non-profit organization composed of a group of leading companies and agencies in the desalination industry. Using a combination of energy efficient, commercially available RO technologies including pumps, membranes and energy recovery equipment, the ADC has demonstrated (in a two-phas...

This paper will present the approach for incorporating new electrical service for the RO treatment plant, RO treatment facilities,addition of blending water for post-treatment corrosion control, post treatment system for degasification and odor control and a high service pump station at the Pinewoods membrane facility. Operational results after pla...

The mission of the Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is to promote seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (SWRO) as an affordable, viable source of fresh water. In order to accomplish this mission the ADC seeks to demonstrate affordable desalination using off-the-shelf technology and to create a body of data that can guide & benefi...

Phase one of the pilot testing has shown that granular media filtration using Filtronics FV-03 Electromedia I can effectively remove both Fe and Mn from the influent well water....

This presentation provides the critical operational variables identified in the US EPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual, and described how these variables are used in calculating a log removal value (LRV) through a low pressure membrane system. This will provide operators with an understanding of how operating variables (flow, transmembrane pres...

The plant is the first 98% recovery membrane filtration plant to receive the maximum 4-log disinfection credit for cryptosporidium...

Membranes work! They are not a ?silver bullet?, but really just a filter that can That can achieve high levels of Giardia and Cryptosporidium removal....

This presentation covers brackish groundwater desalinationa pilot study. The study consists of four phases to evaluate three RO membranes (Toray, Hydranautics, and Dow FilmTec), two RO recoveries (85 and 90%), and multiple pre-treatment options (acid/antiscalant, raw water storage, and granular media filters). Permitting an RO membrane facility u...

The results within this report suggest that the discharge of reclaimed RO water may not deteriorate water quality of surface canals, and any of the three tested systems can be used to remove microconstituents and improve the quality of reclaimed water for surface water augmentation....

The purpose of this study was to identify the cause of the decreased production capacity and to develop operational improvements to recover the design net capacity....

Concentrate management represents the greatest barrier to the implementation of desalination technologies. This paper summarizes 22 configurations and technologies which may prove to minimize concentrate issues. Planning level cost estimates are developed for selected options....

The importance of reducing energy consumption has grown as more utilities, particularly in California, consider green house gas emissions reduction as a key parameter in their design and planning process. This presentation covers both conventional and innovative applications of energy recovery and present case studies, energy consumption, energy sa...

The purpose of this study was to determine the hardness and silica removal efficiency of conventional lime-soda ash softening of the primary RO concentrate using a novel high rate thickening softener. The softened effluent will be polished by dual media filters prior to a secondary RO treatment, and silica-tolerant electro-dialysis reversal (EDR) i...

This powerpoint presents an overview of concentrate disposal options for inland desalination facilities. Case studies include brine minimization/recovery and zero liquid discharge examples....

Since golf courses began watering with recycled water in the mid 1990s signs of problems have been seen. The problems were determined to be caused by high salinity concentrations from the recycled water. In order to address the TDS problems a dual membrane (i.e., MF/RO) was designed to replace the existing sand filtration system. The new system was...

The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) has taken steps to improve the water supply system for the Deuel Vocational Institution (DVI) in Tracy, CA. In the past, the Institution supplied potable water to the facility from four slightly brackish groundwater wells. The groundwater has a TDS concentration of 1,150 to 2,200 mg...

implementing conventional softening ICCS reactors tested were shown in increase brackish water RO recoveries up to 95%. These reactors however require a significant amount of chemicals and they generate a large volume of residuals to be handled. Pellet softening ICCS reactors were tested and achieved the RO system was able to achieve a 96% recovery...

The Indian Wells Valley Water District (District) in Ridgecrest, California, is located in the Mojave Desert about 150 miles inland from Los Angeles. As part of their planning for future water supplies, the District undertook a study to evaluate treatment of local brackish groundwater sources (TDS in the range of 1,300 to 2,000 mg/L). Pilot testin...

The San Antonio Water System (SAWS) launched a feasibility assessment as part of its Brackish Groundwater Desalination (BGD) Project. The purpose of the assessment was to evaluate the potential of developing brackish groundwater (1,000 - 3,000 mg/l total dissolved solids) from the Lower Wilcox Aquifer as an additional water supply source to the exi...

Average brackish water RO recovery is about 75% in southern Florida. With an anticipated capacity of 540 mgd by 2025 and increase in recovery to 95% would yield over 100 mgd of potable water. A two phase study was conducted to evaluate possible concentrate management techniques to increase RO recovery. Stage 1 involved a literature review and feasi...

The Hemet Water Filtration Plant (HWFP) was designed to operate at 98% recovery without a backwash recycling system at the plant. This was the first membrane water treatment plant in California to operate over 95% recovery and achieve 4 log disinfection credit for cryptosporidium. The excellent recovery was made possible by a unique tank design th...

Integrity testing for Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and reasons for conducting test. Direct and indirect testing techniques and how to interpret results. Designing to avoid membrane integrity failures and factors that impact integrity loss....

Contaminates of Emerging Concern (CEC) relative to human and aquatic health impacts. Recommendations for monitoring. Membranes to the rescue. CECs removal studies for the effectiveness of a wide range of processes....

Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC)...

This paper discusses the designing of the 225 MGD Hialeah and Preston Nanofiltration Plant and the methodology and analyses performed to establish: membrane selection, design flux, system size and configuration and pumping strategy. Additionally, results from process validation testing are presented....

This paper presents the following: Energy recovery technology selection process. Capital costs related to equipping the new trains and retrofitting the existing trains with turbine-assisted interstage boost pumps. Challenges encountered and lessons learned from the incorporation of the selected technology into the new and existing RO trains. ? Ac...

Upgrade with Energy Recovery...

This paper discusses the concept, design, and full-scale operation of the no-acid process at the North Lee County RO WTP. The design criteria associated with no-acid operation, as well as full-scale process performance and water quality data will be discussed....

The paper describes a pilot study at the San Antonio Water System to evaluate the performance of Reverse Osmosis treatment and pre?treatment options to meet the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's (TCEQ) treated water quality requirements. This paper will present the results of the extended operation, air leak testing, and membrane autopsie...

The use of energy recovery devices for RO desalination is presented....

This presentation provides an overview of membrane systems residuals management. It covers residuals from Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF) as well as Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF). Practical and beneficial reuse considerations are explained....

this presentation introduces the listener to the basic description of membrane filtration and membrane bioreactor theory and practice. Equations are provided, together with simplified process flow diagrams. The difference between outside in and inside out water flowpath is explained....

This presentation discusses the economics of modern membrane bioreactors. A technology overview is provided, and a discussion of the benefits of the technology compared to traditional wastewater treatment. The design factors that impact process cost are presented....

This PowerPoint discusses operator experiences at reverse osmosis plants....

This PowerPoint describes practical alternatives to Demonstration-Scale Pilot Testing in Texas....

This presentation discusses indicators for microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane module replacement, presents replacement case studies, provides a summary of lessons learned, and highlights recent developments in system design that allow for increased flexibility during module replacement. The three case studies include a discussio...

This presentation discusses reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) concentrate management options, existing technologies, case studies, and emerging technologies. Concentrate disposal, beneficial reuse, and concentrate treatment options are presented along with approaches for achieving zero liquid discharge. Technologies discussed include sec...

Provides an overview of post-treatment for brackish and seawater desalination, including comparison of corrosion indices, explanation of calcium carbonate chemistry, and discussion of alternative post-treatment approaches....

The Chino II Desalter (Chino II) began operation in 2006 to expand the capacity of the groundwater treatment system with a combined ion exchange (IX) and reverse osmosis (RO) treatment capacity of 10 million gallons per day (MGD). High salinity concentrate from the Chino II Desalter is disposed of through the Inland Empire Brine Line (IEBL). The IE...

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of selecting treatment and management schemes for inland brine concentrate. It elaborates that implementing inland desalination is very complicated and as a minimum, three concepts of concentrate treatment technologies; concentrate disposal options and concentrate management strategies should be ...

This presentation covers main characteristics of RO/NF membrane systems. It provides an overview of NF/RO basic theories; system Components, typical process energy use, energy recovery system, operating parameters and performance monitoring. It also provides description of four main types of energy recovery devices used for these systems....

Projected decrease in water supplies in Texas due to sediment accumulation in reservoirs and aquifer depletion have led state and regional water planning agencies to turn to brackish water in aquifers as an alternate water supply source to address rising water demands. Reverse osmosis is a viable treatment technology to treat brackish water to pota...

Paper presents the results of pilot testing of nanofiltration water treatment conducted on behalf of Miami Dade Water & Sewer Department. The pilot treatment train included dual media pressure filters, strainers, cartridge filters, three stage nanofiltration array and an ultraviolet system. The testing evaluated alternative membranes and optional o...

This presentation will focus on bench and pilot testing results of concentrate treatment technologies. It will include capital, O&M and life cycle cost analysis for various concentrate pretreatment and treatment technologies. These costs are based on design and operational parameters (e.g. chemical does, resin regeneration frequency) validated thro...

The San Antonio Water System (SAWS) is developing brackish groundwater supplies to enhance their available water supply options and help meet the growing water demand in the San Antonio, Texas area. The groundwater is characterized by 1,400 mg/L TDS, dissolved iron up to 0.7 mg/L, moderate silica (9 mg/L), pH 7.3, and 30øC temperature. In addition...

Presentation provides a very general overview of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) water treatment processes. In doing so, the basic concept of osmosis/membrane separation is described as well as the differences in treatment capabilities between RO and NF. The history and development of each technology is chronicled as well as current ap...

This presentation focuses on the pilot testing results obtained for the concentrate treatment technologies that were evaluated. It also includes results from the capital, O&M and life cycle cost analyses for various concentrate pretreatment and treatment technologies. These costs are based on design and operational parameters (e.g. chemical dose, r...

Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination may be used for desalination of brackish and saline waters, but the product water may have low concentrations of hardness and alkalinity, which may corrode infrastructure. Addition of pH, hardness, and alkalinity may be required to meet potable water guidelines. Upflow calcite contactors may be used instead of li...

Three original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were invited to OWA?s filtration plant to attend a walk through and to provide proposals. Each OEM had agreements with membrane module suppliers providing modules of similar dimension, membrane surface area, backwash and cleaning strategies, and chemical compatibility....

This presentation will provide a project summary focusing on the Title 22 validation testing results....

This paper is a case study from the City of San Angelo, Texas (COSA) that performance a demonstration-scale pilot study was developed to evaluate the performance of reverse osmosis for radium removal to meet the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality?s (TCEQ) treated water quality requirements. The pilot testing of the RO membranes has been com...

This paper discusses the design philosophy of the Chino II Concentrate Reduction Facility and the selection of appropriate treatment technologies to meet the challenges of scaling constituents in the concentrate stream....

This paper considers the capital and operating costs associated with improvements in brackish RO energy recovery technologies and compares them to more conventional designs that are still being implemented. These improvements include turbochargers, isobaric energy recovery, turbine-assisted interstage boost pumping, and concentrate turbine equipmen...

This paper looks at the challenges associated with the design of a larger 12.6 mgd facility compared with design considerations for a smaller facility (less than 5 mgd), and shows how these challenges were addressed. Discussion includes: pilot testing, supplier selection, pre-purchase process, accommodatig for future expansion, using 3D design, con...

Direct, non-biological microfiltration (MF) of primary effluent has been tested at a number of locations over the last decade, including in the USA. Pilot testing of an MF system treating primary effluent was carried out at the City of Corona, CA, Treatment Plant No. 2. During th planned 4-month pilot test utilizing a Pall Corporation 0.1 micron Pv...

This presentation from a preconference workshop in 2014 covering back to basics describes high pressure membrane technology and it's applications. Covered are nanofiltration and reverse osmosis along with the fundamentals of the technology. Products are described....

This presentation on membrane system design from an energy viewpoint is from a preconference workshop in 2014 that discussed optimization in membrane plant performance. Booster pumps, energy recovery devices and alternatives to each are given. System design is discussed and a case study on North Lee County in Florida is presented....

The Oden Water Association installed an open platform style microfiltration treatment system to allow competitive bidding of replacement ultrafiltration membranes. The open platform style allows flexibility in operation in backwashing, and a custom configuration of plant support facilities....

There are many grades and types of stainless steel and stainless steels are used extensively in brackish and seawater membrane treatment facilities. Stainless steel corrodes when the wrong grade or type is placed in the wrong environment. Guidelines and specifications have been developed to create a uniform approach to selecting the proper stainles...

Recovery of wastewater from the low pH clean in place of a UF/MF membrane plant can increase plant operating cost. By adding phosphoric acid and calcium to the wastewater calcium phosphate is formed and precipitated The decanted water can then be sent to the head of the plant, reducing the volume of CIP waste to be treated by 75%. This savings redu...

The Donna Bay Estuarine System located near Sarasota Florida was identified as a potential source of potable water. This project developed a treatment train comprised biological roughing filter for taste and odor reduction, anion exchange for organics and color reduction, ultrafiltration for particle and pathogen reduction, and reverse osmosis for ...

Normally membrane technologies are approved if they meet national and state drinking water regulations, but the flexibility and strictness of the approval process depends on the State. A key finding was the acknowledgement of the predictive value of computer models for regulatory approval of RO systems....

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors employ a membrane to retain biomass in the reactor, greatly reducing the hydraulic retention time needed for treatment and allowing for anaerobic treatment of dilute waste streams such as domestic waste. The performance of the AnMBR was evaluated based on treated water quality, biogas production, and membrane fouling ...

Electrodialysis Reversal began in the 1970s as an improvement on the Electrodialysis technology with a cell pair composed of an anion membrane, a diluting spacer, a cation membrane, and a concentrating spacer. Building on the improvement of an old technology through continuous research and development efforts, current industry trends and leading ed...

Presents the process train selection process and pilot results for a multi-step surface water application in Western Florida in Sarasota County. Discussion on performance and results on the IX - UF - RO process along with a feedwater charachterization stufy...

Discussion on RO modeling versus testing, with recommendations on when to select one or the other. Further discussion is presented on the limtiations of modeling vs testing, along with data requirements and testing guides for modeling and bench scale studies are presented....

Presents reuse in the context of WRRF approach on testing and monitiong (11-10 & 12-06) with a discussion on the actual results from the full scale plant at Big Spring TX....

Replacement of media filters with an open platform UF system. Discusses specification preparation, procurement details and interchangability of UF modules for future replacements....

Minimizing the irreversible fouling of low pressure membranes requires cleaning regimes that typically consist of three different types of membrane cleans: Chemically Enhanced Backwash (CEB), Maintenance Cleans (MC), and ? Recovery Cleans (RC). This paper details three case studies on CIP system design and pilot study work to evaluate fouling and...

This presentation provides an assessment of treatment technologies addressing inorganic contaminants and is based on several case studies completed in California, Utah, and Arizona. Six strategies for economical and effective groundwater treatment will be discussed based on pilot, desktop, and bench studies. These strategies include understanding ...

A municipal water district in Texas is purifying municipal wastewater effluent as a raw water supply for drinking water purposes. The process is MF, RO and AOP which uses both ozone and hydrogen peroxide. This project is the first USA direct potable reuse (DPR) system....

The Chino Basin Desalter Authority (CDA) is a Joint Powers Authority consisting of eight members and owns the Chino Desalters (I and II). The Chino II desalter began operation in 2006 with a capacity of 10 mgd, and was expanded to 20.5 mgd in 2011. High brine disposal costs, brine line plugging, and the availability of construction-related grand fu...

In 2015 the Clifton Water District completed a project to convert the its 34 year old, shallow bed media filters at its drinking water treatment plant to a more robust and reliable membrane filtration system. The conversion took place without interrupting water service to its customers over the 10 month period between ground breaking and the membra...

This paper will provide a synopsis on technologies that are capable of selectively removing sodium and chloride ions along with experiments to examine newly development monovalent salt selective membrane elements....

This paper describes work done to investigate Forward Osmosis for the treatment of Oil and Gas exploration wastewaters with an assessment of membrane performance and process sustainability...

This paper describes a preliminary level design tool that was developed to compare foot print requirements, capital costs, and operational costs between granular media filtration and membrane technologies, both submerged and pressurized. The model creates an output for each filtration technology that allows an engineer to compare capital, operation...

This paper will present hydraulic cleaning design summary options for ceramic and polymeric low pressure membranes as well as field testing data comparing more conventional to more aggressive methods. The paper also presents some retrofit case histories where ceramic has replaced polymeric membranes....

The paper presented a study to demonstrate a method with which higher log removal values for virus can be confirmed using a more appropriately sized tracer compound. Currently RO installations at potable reuse facilities can only achieve a maximum of approximately 2-log virus removal credit based on online measurements of conductivity or total orga...

This paper discusses the phasing and pretreatment considerations for the Clifton Water District (CWD) project to convert the 12 MGD of granular media filters at its drinking water treatment plant to a membrane filtration system. The conversion took place over the 10 month period between ground breaking and the membrane system was put into service....

The field of commercially available membrane products is vast and expanding. In the early 2000's the majority of the market share was held by 3 to 4 suppliers each offering a single product. Driven by demand to meet more challenging applications, these suppliers expanded their offerings to new membrane polymers and hydraulic configurations. Today,...

The advanced treatment plant that closes the loop on the first DPR project in the country consists of microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), and a UV advanced oxidation process (AOP). This study examined the effectiveness of each process for removing a wide range of chemical and microbial constituents. MF acts mainly as pretretment for RO, but...

The field of commercially available membrane products is vast and expanding. In the early 2000's the majority of the market share was held by 3 to 4 suppliers each offering a single product. Driven by demand to meet more challenging applications, these suppliers expanded their offerings to new membrane polymers and hydraulic configurations. Today,...

Construction of the 28 million gallon per day (mgd) Baker Water Treatment Plant (BWTP) will be completed in October 2016, allowing the Irvine Ranch Water District and its five partner agencies El Toro Water District (ETWD), Moulton Niguel (MNWD), San Margarita (SMWD), Trabuco Canyon Water District (TCWD), and Metropolitan Water District of Orange C...

The City of Ventura, CA has taken a proactive approach to further advancing potable reuse as an alternative water supply, with the VenturaWaterPure Demonstration Facility serving as a critical component for demonstrating technical and regulatory feasibility and public acceptance. The demonstration facility included pasteurization, ultrafiltration (...

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Although the City of Santa Barbara's seawater desalination plant and intake are exempt from the Ocean Plan Amendments' (OPA) requirements, the City has chosen to conduct its subsurface intake (SSI) study using the technical criteria presented in the OPA. This paper presents the OPA's SSI feasibility analysis requirements and summarizes the SSI feas...

Severe drought over the last five years in California have forced municipalities to search for alternate sustainable sources of potable water. In January 2014, Governor Brown declared a drought state of emergency and directed state agencies to take all necessary actions to respond to drought conditions. Part of the series of actions were to invest ...

Recycled water projects that include some form of potable reuse are becoming more common in the water industry. They are being built to help alleviate water shortages throughout the world by allowing the reuse of available water. Many of these systems utilize membrane processes to remove soluble and insoluble contaminants to produce high quality pr...

Good, Better, Best. Never let it rest. To proactively manage their limited water resources, many inland utilities and private sector water consumers have embarked and maintained certain level of salinity management activities. This includes developing regional salinity monitoring and control program as part of relevant master planning documents, es...

The presentations will highlight key design concepts for MF/UF systems as well as considerations for intergating MF/UF systems into a water treatmentprocess train. The presentation will introduce the audience to flux selection, rack sizing, flow control concepts, CIP system design, and residuals handling considerations....

Selective separation of mono- and multi-valent ions has important applications in water reuse, desalination, and salt production, by adjusting ion composition to meet product water quality requirements. In this study, we developed an innovative monovalent permselective cation-exchange membrane (CEM) CR671 by modifying normal grade membrane CR67 wit...

El Paso Water (EPWater) is developing the preliminary design for a new Advanced Water Purification Facility (AWPF) that would treat up to 10 million gallons per day (mgd) of secondary clarifier effluent to augment and diversify the city's current drinking water supplies. The proposed treatment train includes membrane filtration (i.e., microfiltrati...

The field of commercially available membrane products is vast and expanding. In the early 2000's the majority of the market share was held by 3 to 4 suppliers each offering a single product. Driven by demand to meet more challenging applications, these suppliers expanded their offerings to new membrane polymers and hydraulic configurations. Today,...

This abstract will give an update on design and procurement of Florida's largest low-pressure membrane facility: i.e., 54-mgd ultrafiltration (UF) retrofit at Lake Manatee Water Treatment Plant in Manatee County. This project also reflects the largest planned UF retrofit in the US. The project includes refinements of existing pretreatment system, a...

This paper will present the RO performance results that lead to membrane fouling and oxidiation, the investigation of their causes, and the evaluation of the pre-treatment approach used to mitigate both for treating a variable blend of surface water sources....

Due to the increased popularity of potable reuse, demonstrated by the number of projects being implemented and proposed, the importance of membranes used in this application has risen. One of the biggest challenges to the application of any treatment technology in potable reuse applications is to demonstrate its effectiveness for pathogen removal, ...

The City of Altamonte Springs Potable Reuse Demonstration Pilot is an innovative treatment train in Central Florida which explores potable reuse without the use of reverse osmosis. The City aims at developing cost and process data for non-RO options for potable reuse in Florida, and assist the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in futur...

This presentation reviews a case study in reducing membrane fouling at Colorado's largest submerged membrane facility utilizing both alternative coagulants and alternative cleaning solutions....

This abstract details the activities, problems and solutions encountered during the start up of a 28-mgd base loaded MF facility. This paper will detail the issues that were found and how to best deal with them. We also had an issue with membrane plugging on all 14 racks. This required enhanced CIPs and module isolation to restore permeability. Thi...

Membranes are used in wastewater treatment for a number of purposes including meeting stringent discharge water quality standards, tertiary filtratration for non-potable reuse and nutrient removal and for potable reuse applications. Drivers for membrane use and the membrane technologies used to treat water for these applications will be covered in ...

The abstract describes how three RO trains were designed with varying arrays to treat a single water source. Each of the different arrays were then used to estimate the construction and operation costs. The paper then compares the costs to one another, arguing that 2-stage arrays are cheaper to construct and operate than 3-stage designs with the gi...

This paper presents an exciting process that includes MF, NF, ion exchange, and 7-stage RO to remove chlorides from tertiary treated wastewater. The finished water is blended with wastewater to meet updated chlorides requirements. The RO process is performed at high pH to keep silica in solution....

The City of Pearland is planning to construct a 10 million gallons per day Surface Water Treatment Plant expandable to 20 mgd. The source water is challenging to treat due to the high variability in water quality. Processes selected for pilot testing included: Pre-oxidation and disinfection with chlorine dioxide, Conventional pretreatment and settl...

Cal Poly Pomona, Carollo Engineers, Inc., and Pall Corp. are participating in a water reuse research funded by Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate novel treatment train ?integrated membrane anaerobic stabilization (IMANS)? system for wastewater treatment and water reclamation, the performance of microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) of primar...

This paper presents a successful story for optimizing the design of an industrial reuse facility using MF/RO/UV. Design parameters were established based on pilot testing and engineering evaluation. However, the sizing of the MF / RO system and the feed and product tanks becomes very challenging due to site restrictions and the dramatic variability...

The City of Boise is conducting a pilot study of hollow fiber MF/UF membrane technologies at its West Boise Water Renewal Facility (WBWRF). The pilot study is investigating removal of phosphorus by coagulation and membrane filtration. The work is being done to support planning for plant improvements requried to comply with reduced phosphoruis disc...

Idaho Power's Langley Gulch power plant generates approximatly 300 MW of power per day using natural gas fired boilers. The facility uses water from lateral collection wells along the Snake River for both boiler makeup and cooling. The treatment systems had several single points of failure and areas of challenging operation. This paper discusses th...

An overview of membrane system design concepts and methods, supported by experience with real-world projects....

Key features of effective clean-in-place systems used for RO will be explained. Examples showing design alternatives for clean-in-place system configuration will be presented....

The Santa Clarita Valley Sanitation District of Los Angeles County (SCVSD) provides wastewater conveyance and treatment for residential, commercial, and industrial users in theSanta Clarita Valley. The SCVSD sewage system consists of an interconnected network of approximately 42 miles of trunk sewers, one pumping plant, and two interconnected water...

The Santa Clarita Valley Sanitation District of Los Angeles County (SCVSD) provides wastewater conveyance and treatment for residential, commercial, and industrial users in theSanta Clarita Valley. The SCVSD sewage system consists of an interconnected network of approximately 42 miles of trunk sewers, one pumping plant, and two interconnected water...

California and other states are developing direct potable reuse (DPR) regulations and/or guidelines with high pathogen log removal value (LRV) requirements and in California reverse osmosis is required as one of the advanced treatment processes. Results from two full scale facilities that were part of the Water Research Foundation (WRF) 4958 projec...

California and other states are developing direct potable reuse (DPR) regulations and/or guidelines with high pathogen log removal value (LRV) requirements and in California reverse osmosis is required as one of the advanced treatment processes. Results from two full scale facilities that were part of the Water Research Foundation (WRF) 4958 projec...

In 2016, the Clifton Water District (CWD) finished a project to replace their 1980’s era media filters with ultrafiltration membrane technology. The $15 million project included retrofitting a 12 million gallon per day membrane filtration system inside of an existing filter building. The membrane system has been designed in an “Open Platformâ€...