This presentation addresses pretreatment methods in combination with low pressure hollow fiber membranes in the micro-filtration and ultra-filtration range when utilized to treat surface waters. The presentation does not focus on any specific membrane manufacturer, but shows that several manufacturers have products that will provide an effective TO...

Raw waters with high TOC content present unique challenges to municipal treatment plant operators. These problems are exacerbated when the raw water is very cold. Plants in the Pacific Northwest are being subjected to raw water with increasing TOC content and regulations requiring lower disinfection byproducts. This presentation will discuss iss...