This paper is to presents an overview of the mechanism of fouling of surface seawater reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units. It alsocprovides insights on potential limitations of conventional pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis units....

This paper examines a patented membrane cleaning and restoration technology which uses direct osmosis which is implemented through a high salinity solution that travels across the surface of the membrane. Several installations of the Direct Osmosis-High Salinity (DO-HS) technology have been completed and the results indicate that it mitigates memb...

This paper documents the results of a 2,000 hour nanofiltration (NF) pilot study on very challenging North Carolina well water. The challenges were as followed: Very high iron, up to over 8 mg/L in some wells; Very high silica, up to over 70 mg/L in some wells; A combination of at least two wells is always required to be in operation at all times r...