Presented for a regulator's perspective, the expected protocol for permitting a new membrane water treatment facility is offered....

Briefing by the US Department of Commerce on the export of US membrane technology overseas. Department's role in promoting exports is outlined as well as related financing opportunities....

This presentation discusses the monitoring of water at residential taps to measure transfer pipe corrosion. It discusses the results of testing, common issues and various methods of correction. The presentation to several specific example and to lessons learned after 12 years of implementation....

This presentation discusses the trade-offs of using chloramination in water distribution systems. The presentation covers the history of chloramine use, the trade-offs to expect and more specifically problems with nitrification. Also discussed is the release of ammonia from chloramine decay. Focus then shifts to pilot testing to confirm that enhanc...

This presentation considers regulatory issues regarding seawater/ocean desalination in California, including past projects, role of California Dept of Health Services (now called Dept of Public Health), permits required by various agencies, applicable agency documents and rules, pathogen removal, emerging contaminants and boron, and piloting....

Presentation summarizes pilot program and planning for future development of two-step nanofiltration-nanofiltration (NF-NF) process to desalination ocean/seawater. In 2005 38% of their potable water was provided from groundwater sources and 42% imported aquifer water. By 2015 they plan to have 10% provided by desalinated water. Planned benefits of ...

The paper describes a treatment evaluation which lead to constructing a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The City of Redlands (California) Municipal Utilities Department considered options and implemented an MBR at a conventional municipal wastewater plant to upgrade and meet both the State of California permit requirements and the needs of the electrica...

Study to evaluate SW desal in the City of Santa Cruz, CA. Study to determine best options for pretreatment and concentrate. Plant proposed to help drought proof the region's water supply....

Presentation summarizes a solar desalination pilot program....

Evaluation of co-locating a SW desal plant with an existing power plant in Los Angeles. Study to look at UF pretreatment. Goal to minimize costs and environmental impacts....

This presentation covers the cleaning of MF/UF systems as well as Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems. The first half covers the low pressure systems and discusses backwashes, chemical washes and clean in place methods of membrane cleaning. The second half covers RO.NF spiral wound membrane systems and discusses clean in place methods. It co...

Case study of the Chino I and Chino II Desalters with high nitrate feedwater. Plants use a combination of RO and ion exchange to treat the nitrates....

This PowerPoint presentation explores microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technology troubleshooting including preventative maintenance and corrective efforts....

Given the number of membrane manufactures and technology providers (or system suppliers) in the market, it is important for owners to understand procurement options. This paper provides a basic overview of available procurement strategies including a look at contracts and funding. In particular, an approach to selecting a manufacturer or supplier...

Determining sensitivity for MF and UF system is one of the more complex aspects of regulatory compliance under the LT2ESWTR. This presentation will address the considerations associated with determining the Log Removal Value (LRV) of a MF/UF membrane system under the guidelines established by the rule. The discussion will focus upon the Pressure D...

This powerpoint reviews of the state of membrane treatment facilities in Illinois and addresses the permitting requirements for membrane treatment facilities in Illinois. The presentation also addresses pilot testing as a means to facilitate the permitting of a full-scale facility...

The utilization of RO to achieve emerging contaminant control for indirect potable reuse is commonly accepted in California. Emerging contaminants, also frequently called constituents of emerging concern (CEC) include a wide and diverse spectrum of potential contaminants. They are ?potential? contaminants because they are currently unregulated, but...

For seawater desalting to produce potable water, brine disposal may be a paramount challenge. Some communities have a potentially valuable future opportunity because they have a wastewater effluent outfall with available capacity. Effluent discharges are already regulated through national pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permits, typi...

This paper documents an economic analysis that was performed to determine the most effective cleaning interval for the RO membrane in the OCWD GWR System. This system consists of 15 individual 5 million gallon per day rated RO units. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the optimum interval of operation between CIP cleanings in a year, bas...

This paper presents the results of various RO membranes that have been tested at West Basin in 5,000 hour qualifications trials. The fouling nature of the sourcewater results in a marked difference In performance of diffent RO membranes. The protocol that was used to identify the membranes that would perform better on this water source is present...

This presentation provides insight into the activities of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy including mission, organization, budget, funding, and funding opportunities. Energy sources under investigation and development include: solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydro, ocean and tidal and fuel cells. The Office and DOE mission ...

This presentations explains why pretreatment is necessary and details some case studies of membrane pretreatment and the operational results....

This paper illustrates how secondary wastewater treatment processes can play a significant role in membrane performance. Membrane performance trends will be presented from multiple Advanced Water Treatment Plants operating on different types of secondary effluents. This paper will provide operators with further insight into the complexities of memb...

This presentation provides an overview of the regulatory framework related to the use of membranes in the State of California. California's permitting process for new treatment facilities and the certification requirements are described. There is also reference to performance and integrity testing requirements are described and some of challenge...

This presentation provides many examples of failure modes of MF/UF Hollow Fiber membranes. The manufacturing defaults as well as lack of adequate pretreatment, inefficient operations and changes in water quality are listed as some of the parameters resulting in failure of these membranes....

This presentation provides detailed instructions for permitting requirements for membrane filtration installations in Kansas. A comprehensive overview of treatment objectives; pretreatment; waste disposal options; submittals; review and approval process; and post-construction inspection requirement is provided. The presentation concludes that wi...

The application of membrane water treatment is presented, from a state regulators perspective. The requirements of LT-2 are presented together with a discussion of operating parameters. Results of a pilot test to determine coagulant type and dose for NOM removal are presented. Equations for intergrity testing are included. and a discussion of opera...

This PowerPoint presentation describes MF/UF systems and how engineers can consider different approaches for retrofits....

This PowerPoint presentation reviews the Virginia Requirements for Drinking Water Membrane Plants...

This PowerPoint presents a Regulators view of membrane technology for the Midwest USA....

This presentation discusses regulatory considerations for the State of Michigan related to microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Pilot study requirements are provided along with a listing of pathogen credits granted to UF membranes. The presentation concludes with membrane process design and operational considerations....

This presentation provides an overview of submerged Membrane (MF/UF) Filtration system characteristics. Some of the topics included are membrane filtration removal characteristics, membrane fiber and module assembly, membrane theory and practices, and submerged systems operational considerations. It also covers backwashing of membranes (reverse ...

NSF International evaluated The Dow Chemical Company SFD-2880 UF membrane module for MS2 reduction at four different fluxes, and also with and without a cut fiber, to compare MS2 log reduction under the different scenarios. All tests were conducted in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water ...

This presentation summarizes the full scale performance of three currently available RO membrane products in a tertiary MF/RO water reuse application. The use of large diameter RO technology in parallel with standard 8-inch technology at the Scottsdale Water Campus allows for the comparison of larger diameter RO technology to conventional 8-inch R...

The City of Scottsdale is currently expanding and optimizing the Water Campus Advanced Water Treatment (AWT) system, which produces high quality reclaimed water for open access irrigation and indirect potable reuse through vadose zone injection. As part of the project, new ultrafiltration trains were provided as pretreatment to an expanded RO syste...

The purpose of this paper is to document the performance and integrity issues experienced at this facility and present a preliminary cost comparison to either repair or replace the Memcor 90M10C micro filtration (MF) units at the West Basin ExxonMobil Water Recycling Facility. Three options were evaluated; 1) continue repairing the existing MF sys...

This paper will discuss the current expansion and how it is the first and largest Indirect Potable Reuse Project to utilize large diameter RO equipment. The paper discusses the procurement process that made for a competitive environment that allowed the City to save millions of dollars on the RO System. The paper will discuss the unique design aspe...

This paper compares and contrasts the designs of at least six separate brackish groundwater desalters in Southern California for key parameters such as flux, recovery, brine concentrations and disposal methods, permeate treatment goals, and stabilization methods and requirements. Additionally, the paper discusses operational and performance issues...

This presentation reviewing the transition to as microfiltration plant at the Water Replenishment District in California was given at a Preconference Workshop in 2014 that discussed membrane plants from an operators point of view. Influences on the Alamitos Barrier along with operating challenges were given. The results of the change to MF and miti...

This paper is a case study of the Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) in Orange County, California that provides potable water (local groundwater and imported), wastewater treatment for the production of recycled water, and natural treatment system to clean urban runoff. IRWD has several membrane treatment facilities that include the Deep Aquifer T...

This paper describes the work on advanced oxidation of phenolic pollutants in reverse osmosis concentrate....

As more seawater desalting facilities are being planned there is the need for a reliable and accurate tool to predict, on a local basis and site specific treatment process, the energy consumption and consequent operating cost. The Water Research Foundation (WRF) and West Basin Municipal Water District (West Basin) collaborated to develop a spreadsh...

This paper demonstrates the need for consistency in the use and selection of silt density index (SDI) filter pad chemistries by membrane treatment plant operators for their specific facility. While it is not the authors? intention to identify the ?best? filter pad for use in the SDI test, the findings will illustrate the need for a thoughtful cons...

This paper describes the Mesa Water Reliability Facility?s treatment system, which includes nanofiltration (NF). Operational challenges included: inconsistent results between silt density index (SDI) filter pad technologies; membrane fouling characteristics and challenges; membrane cleaning improvements and optimization; and flux and recovery setp...

Presents an overview of procurement optoins for membrane project, primary target is a municipal entity making the purchase. Dicsusses specification and contract language...

Gives an overview of the budget and cost impacts of Palm Beach County's membrane treatment plants with a comparison on $/1000 gal between select plants from PBCO. Also provides and overview of the County's work force and some considerations for dealing with staff attrition in the context of a transition to membrane technology....

This paper discusses efforts at West Basin to review specifications for some the latest generation of pressurized MF/UF modules and interchangeable formats for possible use in the future. Pilot plant data is presented. They found that there is a substantial level of consistency among PVDF current product...

This paper presented past and present operational data from the Richard A. Reynolds Groundwater Desalination Facility (RAR) in Chula Vista, CA operated by the Sweetwater Authority. Potential areas for optimization are identified including an evaluation of the clean in place (CIP) process, for the effectiveness of the current Reverse osmosis cleaner...

This paper describes work done at the Leo J Vander Lans Water Treatment Facility . After a pilot test for reclaiming backwash from the microfiltration and brine from the reverse osm osis trains, a full expansion was done to implement these changes. The results of the first year in operation are reported in this paper....

This paper describes pilot testing at the San Patricio Municipal Water District (SPMWD) to quality a Scinor membrane module for use for a retrofit and expansion at the plant. The plant wanted to evaluate alternative membranes that could be used as replacement for the currently installed membranes. Pilot procedures and data along with analyses are p...

This presentation will address how RO is a critical treatment process barrier for groundwater recharge injection projects, Surface Water Augmentation, and Direct Potable Reuse. RO is effective at removing microorganisms and organic chemicals (including Contaminants of Emerging Concern or CECs) that may pose a public health threat. There are speci...

The results of the pilot testing of 6 different membrane module evaluated over the past year will be presented and discussed. The presentation will focus on the variations of backwashing and cleaning strategies used to treat the water, and will discuss the differences in membrane fouling rates that occur as a result of operation on secondary efflue...

The use of reverse osmosis (RO) to treat municipal wastewater for various reuse purposes has gained considerable momentum in recent years, with multiple facilities now exceeding 100 million gallon per day (mgd) in capacity. Early wastewater RO (WWRO) facilities, built 10 to 15 years ago, were generally designed with low RO fluxes to reduce the risk...

There is an ever-growing demand for fresh water from the Central and West Coast Basin aquifers serving the Los Angeles area. Beginning in 2005 and continuing today, the Leo J Vander Lans Advanced Water Treatment Facility (LVLWTF) was built to recycle tertiary-treated wastewater into a very high quality water that is injected to prevent saltwater in...

At the Orange County Water Districts Groundwater Replenishment System, 6 - 5 mgd Reverse Osmosis units have been recently installed to provide an additional 30 mgd of treatment capacity. The units are configured in a 77:49:24 array with an Energy Recovery Device located between the first and second stage. The system was also designed with a bypass ...

This talk gives the perspective from a state regulator regarding reviewing plans and specifications for membrane technology. The talk will address the primary concerns of the regulator. It requires time and knowledge to review advanced technologies such as membrances and often the regulators are playing catch-up with the consultants and designers ...

The City of Port Townsend own and operates a municipal water system is supplied by gravity from the Big and Little Quilcene Rivers, which are on the western side of the Olympus Mountain Range and is located approximately 30 to 20 miles south of the City respectively. The entire system operates by gravity from both of the diversions, through two la...

Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated regions that is experiencing stresses on its water resources. The Water Supply Department (WSD) of Hong Kong has initiated a Total Water Management strategy to manage demand and supply. As part of this effort, it is implementing a seawater desalination plant with 135 MLD capacity, expandable to 270 MLD...

Utilities and consulting engineers can benefit by reviewing past performance of similar projects. The joint AWWA AMTA conference in West Palm Beach is an excellent opportunity to share this knowledge. A written paper and PowerPoint will both be submitted....

The purpose of the paper is to discuss water quality monitoring practices that are associated with the operation of RO systems at Advanced Treated (aka Recycled) Water Facilities. Conventional regulatory approaches with regard to the use of surrogate indicators of operational performance (e.g., permeate conductivity, TOC) are affected by variations...

West Basin's Custom Engineered Microfiltration Pilot Unit has been in service for over a year now testing six different pressurized PVDF modules in parallel using West Basin's Title 22 water as a feed source. The results of Phase 1 of testing, which involved piloting these modules using manufacturer recommended sequences for backwashes, CEB, and CI...

The difficulty in monitoring pathogen removal is a gap that has been identified in the adoption of Membrane Bioreactors for IPR/DPR. This paper presents a newly proposed method for the calculation of solids LRV across the MBR system. The new method relies on the widely used standard method for enumeration of total suspended solids with a modificati...

Pennsylvania currently has more than 40 membrane filtration plants that are used at public drinking water systems throughout the state. These plants are regulated by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and routinely evaluated for their ability to remove microbial pathogens such as Cryptosporidium. This session will outli...

This presentation discusses efforts at the Western Water Treatment Plant (WTP11) for Palm Beach County Utilities There is a discussion on the conversion from chloramines to free chlorine disinfection. Disinfection by-products and lead and copper corrosion studies were completed. Post treatment optimization was reviewed....

TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials) are naturally occurring radioactive material whose radionuclide concentrations are increased by or as a result of past or present human practices. These materials can be generated as part of Oil and Gas exploration and production activities or any other industrial process t...

Panel Discussion...

The water reuse industry has transitioned from proprietary microfiltration (MF) systems to MF systems designed by original equipment manufacturers (OEM) that can be adapted to operate a handful of membrane module types. These ?Universal? systems rely on OEMs to dictate generic operating parameters. West Basin has constructed its own pilot system to...

The City of Oceanside?s Mission Basin Groundwater Purification Facility (MBGPF) is an existing facility operating at 75% recovery, whereby 75% of the feedwater becomes permeate (product) and 25% is the concentrate (brine) stream. The City is currently piloting the Desalitech process which is anticipated to achieve up to 75% recovery of the Primary ...

Many new RO systems are including equipment and controls to provide flux balancing. In our experience, the proper application of flux balancing is not well understood by the RO design community and can be misapplied or provided with inadequate controls for flexible operation of the RO system. This presentation will help educate RO system designers ...

California has implemented a 12-10-10 log removal requirement for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for IPR projects which must be demonstrated. Conductivity and TOC being used as on-line indicators to determine compliance. However these processes lack the sensitivity to accurately measure the actual log reduction for pathogens. It is suggested t...

Drinking water and wastewater projects using membranes with an overview of regulations will be discussed. This includes the Idaho Rules for Public Drinking Water Systems, Wastewater Rules and Recycled Water Rules. Case studies of membrane filtration facilities in drinking water systems and membrane treatment for wastewater in Idaho will be reviewe...

A presentation on membrane-based treatment by the regulatory agency in Wisconsin that is responsible for water treatment project oversite....

The U.S. Department of Energy is funded a $100 million dollar early-stage research consortia, known as the Energy-Water Desalination Hub (Hub). The presenter will provide an overview of the Hub's purpose/goals, the selected team to lead this effort, and major the year 1 activities. Attendees can learn how to get involved as affiliates or members ...

The Sweetwater Authority owns and operates a 10 mgd groundwater desalter in Chula Vista,CA. The facility has a unique characteristic with three reverse osmosis trains operating with four hundred square foot membranes and the remaining three trains operating with four hundred and forty square foot membranes. Over the last two years of operation, dat...

Clean in Place (CIP, cleaning) is an integral part of maintaining reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) systems. Over time, organic and inorganic foulants present in the feed water will build up on the membranes surface. These foulants reduce the systems efficiency and can lead to mechanical damage of the membrane surface. Normalizing operat...

This presentation covers the approval process and ongoing monitoring requirements for membrane water treatment plants in North Dakota. The intent of this talk is to describe how the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (NDDEQ) evaluates membrane treatment technology performance and what the NDDEQ requires of public water systems to achi...

Inland desalination faces unique challenges foremost of which is brine disposal. Challenges include salinity management, waste reduction, and operational complexity. Innovative technologies including closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) may play a role in cost effective solutions. This paper discusses the use of CCRO as a primary RO for potable re...

Inland desalination faces unique challenges foremost of which is brine disposal. Challenges include salinity management, waste reduction, and operational complexity. Innovative technologies including closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) may play a role in cost effective solutions. This paper discusses the use of CCRO as a primary RO for potable re...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Membranes are used widely to treat drinking water in Iowa. This presentation provides an overview of low and high pressure membranes used in Iowa, the water quality of various aquifers, regulatory requirements, pilot protocol and testing, and design considerations. This presentation will also include a brief IDNR General Rules Update....

I will cover the process and timeline of alternative technology acceptance in Colorado. This will discuss the history of membrane use and acceptance in Colorado, how the technology acceptance process has evolved over the years, the current state of membrane use in the state, and other specific technological issues with membranes and drinking water ...