The focus of this case study is the City of Palm Coast's Water Treatment Plant No. 2, which utilizes membrane softening technology. As a result of regulatory policy changes mandated by USEPA, the City's surface water discharge permit for concentrate disposal has had to be completely changed in order to achieve a successful long term permit renewal....

The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation process for facilities utilizing membrane technologies and to provide some practical guidance on how to make it as efficient as possible, thereby saving time, resources, and frustration....