This paper will document the complimentary use of three techniques (permeate throttling, inter-stage boost, hybrid array) in a single system to treat a brackish ground water with a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) >12,000 mg/l at 70% recovery....

The final permeate of a Reverse Osmosis ( RO ) membrane system is a complex blend of water produced at multiple sites in the overall equipment array. The finished quality is not only dependant on the expected performance of the membrane elements within the pressure vessels but also on ensuring secure connections between elements and end caps. RO...