A tractor manufacturing factory is very similar to an automobile manufacturing factory, both using significant amounts of water for the pre-paint washing process. Before the tractor parts are painted, they are washed in several steps to remove dust and oils, and to provide surface coating. The wastewater from each step has different characteristics...

Water Research Foundation (WRF) project 4997 has proposed a framework for Tier 2 validation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) which outlines how proponents could demonstrate that their MBR systems achieve log reduction values (LRVs) exceeding Tier 1 values of 1.0 and 2.5 for protozoa and virus, respectively. To date, no Tier 2 validation studies have ...

Water Research Foundation (WRF) project 4997 has proposed a framework for Tier 2 validation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) which outlines how proponents could demonstrate that their MBR systems achieve log reduction values (LRVs) exceeding Tier 1 values of 1.0 and 2.5 for protozoa and virus, respectively. To date, no Tier 2 validation studies have ...

The purpose of this study is to understand virus removal mechanisms prior to the membrane in membrane bioreactors (MBR). This presentation will quantify the mechanisms that contribute to virus removal in MBRs; that is, sludge adsorption and biofilm exclusion. Single strain, labgrown male-specific (MS2) and somatic (T1) coliphages were used as virus...

The purpose of this study is to understand virus removal mechanisms prior to the membrane in membrane bioreactors (MBR). This presentation will quantify the mechanisms that contribute to virus removal in MBRs; that is, sludge adsorption and biofilm exclusion. Single strain, labgrown male-specific (MS2) and somatic (T1) coliphages were used as virus...

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