This study documents the pilot work performed by the City of West Palm Beach in support of a plant upgrade. The new treatment process includes magnetic ion exchange (MIEX?), low pressure membrane ultrafiltration (UF), and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This treatment process provides organics removal and superior pathogen removal usi...

Paper addresses the inherent problem of Reverse Osmosis (RO) permeate corrositivity to concrete and metal because of its low pH and Langelier Saturation Index. Specific study results are offered relative to the use of micronized calcium carbonate instead of lime for RO permeate stabilization....

Seawater desalination is a promising option for a steady supply of high-quality water from the abundantly avialable source of ocean water, but the process is energy intensive. In this paper, nanocomposite RO and semi batch RO were evaluated at the pilot scale for energy minimzation during seawate desalination. The objecties were to: 1) compare the ...

This paper discusses the options in Queensland, Australia for treatment of the produced water fraction from the gas/groundwater separation for reuse....