The superior fouling resistance of forward osmosis (FO) desalination with respect to reverse osmosis (RO) has prompted debate over the effect of hydraulic pressure. We present a method of isolating the effects of pressure from other differences (e.g., internal concentration polarization) between FO and RO: pressurizing the entire FO module. This me...

This abstract presents experimental results from a prototype batch reverse osmosis (RO) system. Batch RO has attracted attention recently due its potential to bring the energy consumption of RO closer to the theoretical minimum. Numerous studies have modeled batch RO energy consumption, but only one study reports experimental data on the performanc...