The historical development of reverse osmosis is reviewed to provide context for the ongoing research efforts regarding pressure retarded osmosis. Emphasis is placed on the diverse background, breadth of knowledge and teamwork required to bring new technologies to the market....

Discusses background on forward osmosis and two case studies employing FO to treat produced water....

Paper considers the design, construction, commissioning, and piloting of a membrane brine concentrator (MBC) process for treatment of highly saline formation and frac-flowback water (collectively called produced water) from an unconventional natural gas plays in the Marcellus shale and Permian basin. This study captures pilot operations covering th...

The purposes of this paper are to compare forward osmosis (FO) to best available technologies for treating high salinity feed waters and waters that limit the capabilities of reverse osmosis (RO), such as high silica feeds, to provide a true economic analysis on the overall cost of treatment. This new economic assessment is based on previously unr...

Forward osmosis is a technology which uses a customized reverse osmosis membrane and a draw solution for desalination. It becomes viable when conventional reverse osmosis is limited by a high salinity brine which creates high pressure limitations of that technology. This is an intermediate technolgy for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) and is less ene...

Forward osmosis (FO) is the membrane-based process by which a high osmotic potential stream (i.e., draw solution) is used to capture fresh water from a saline or contaminated feed water. The result is a highly concentrated brine and a diluted draw solution stream. The diluted draw is then processed for reconcentration of the draw species and recove...

Forward osmosis technology is emerging as a leading solution to treat difficult, high salinity waters. Oasys Water has deployed the Membrane Brine Concentrator (MBC), enabled by thermolytic draw solutions and high performance membranes, as a low cost, low energy alternative to thermal evaporators. In this discussion we will explore how the integrat...