Microfiltration membrane fouling can occur through the accumulation of particles, organic matter and biological growth. Depending on the surface water source and the treatment prior to water contacting the membrane, different fouling mechanisms can occur and physical and chemical cleanings become necessary for the membrane to produce water efficien...

A containerized WTP using inside-out ultrafiltration as pretreatment to brackish water RO membranes with blending was built for treating mine influenced water prior to discharge to a local waterway. It was found that water quality changed and caused rapid fouling of the membranes due to oxidized iron and manganese that even very frequent CIPs coul...