There are thousands of implementations of reverse osmosis (RO) treating industrial water. However, options for treating RO brine are limited. The proposed paper will introduce two novel technologies for residuals management and zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Operational results in industrial applications will be presented, along with economic compari...

Brine management is becoming increasingly important in industrial and inland desalination. This work presents state-of-the-art options, performance data, and economics for an advanced chemical softening process (?BrineRefine?) and test data from ultra-high-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The work outlines a pathway and cost analysis to ach...