This presentation covers the cleaning of MF/UF systems as well as Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems. The first half covers the low pressure systems and discusses backwashes, chemical washes and clean in place methods of membrane cleaning. The second half covers RO.NF spiral wound membrane systems and discusses clean in place methods. It co...

Case study of the Chino I and Chino II Desalters with high nitrate feedwater. Plants use a combination of RO and ion exchange to treat the nitrates....

This PowerPoint presentation explores microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technology troubleshooting including preventative maintenance and corrective efforts....

Given the number of membrane manufactures and technology providers (or system suppliers) in the market, it is important for owners to understand procurement options. This paper provides a basic overview of available procurement strategies including a look at contracts and funding. In particular, an approach to selecting a manufacturer or supplier...

Determining sensitivity for MF and UF system is one of the more complex aspects of regulatory compliance under the LT2ESWTR. This presentation will address the considerations associated with determining the Log Removal Value (LRV) of a MF/UF membrane system under the guidelines established by the rule. The discussion will focus upon the Pressure D...

This paper documents an economic analysis that was performed to determine the most effective cleaning interval for the RO membrane in the OCWD GWR System. This system consists of 15 individual 5 million gallon per day rated RO units. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the optimum interval of operation between CIP cleanings in a year, bas...

This paper presents the results of various RO membranes that have been tested at West Basin in 5,000 hour qualifications trials. The fouling nature of the sourcewater results in a marked difference In performance of diffent RO membranes. The protocol that was used to identify the membranes that would perform better on this water source is present...

This presentations explains why pretreatment is necessary and details some case studies of membrane pretreatment and the operational results....

This paper illustrates how secondary wastewater treatment processes can play a significant role in membrane performance. Membrane performance trends will be presented from multiple Advanced Water Treatment Plants operating on different types of secondary effluents. This paper will provide operators with further insight into the complexities of memb...

This presentation provides many examples of failure modes of MF/UF Hollow Fiber membranes. The manufacturing defaults as well as lack of adequate pretreatment, inefficient operations and changes in water quality are listed as some of the parameters resulting in failure of these membranes....

This PowerPoint presentation describes MF/UF systems and how engineers can consider different approaches for retrofits....

This presentation provides an overview of submerged Membrane (MF/UF) Filtration system characteristics. Some of the topics included are membrane filtration removal characteristics, membrane fiber and module assembly, membrane theory and practices, and submerged systems operational considerations. It also covers backwashing of membranes (reverse ...

This presentation summarizes the full scale performance of three currently available RO membrane products in a tertiary MF/RO water reuse application. The use of large diameter RO technology in parallel with standard 8-inch technology at the Scottsdale Water Campus allows for the comparison of larger diameter RO technology to conventional 8-inch R...

The City of Scottsdale is currently expanding and optimizing the Water Campus Advanced Water Treatment (AWT) system, which produces high quality reclaimed water for open access irrigation and indirect potable reuse through vadose zone injection. As part of the project, new ultrafiltration trains were provided as pretreatment to an expanded RO syste...

This paper will discuss the current expansion and how it is the first and largest Indirect Potable Reuse Project to utilize large diameter RO equipment. The paper discusses the procurement process that made for a competitive environment that allowed the City to save millions of dollars on the RO System. The paper will discuss the unique design aspe...

This paper compares and contrasts the designs of at least six separate brackish groundwater desalters in Southern California for key parameters such as flux, recovery, brine concentrations and disposal methods, permeate treatment goals, and stabilization methods and requirements. Additionally, the paper discusses operational and performance issues...

This paper is a case study of the Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) in Orange County, California that provides potable water (local groundwater and imported), wastewater treatment for the production of recycled water, and natural treatment system to clean urban runoff. IRWD has several membrane treatment facilities that include the Deep Aquifer T...

As more seawater desalting facilities are being planned there is the need for a reliable and accurate tool to predict, on a local basis and site specific treatment process, the energy consumption and consequent operating cost. The Water Research Foundation (WRF) and West Basin Municipal Water District (West Basin) collaborated to develop a spreadsh...

This paper demonstrates the need for consistency in the use and selection of silt density index (SDI) filter pad chemistries by membrane treatment plant operators for their specific facility. While it is not the authors? intention to identify the ?best? filter pad for use in the SDI test, the findings will illustrate the need for a thoughtful cons...

This paper describes the Mesa Water Reliability Facility?s treatment system, which includes nanofiltration (NF). Operational challenges included: inconsistent results between silt density index (SDI) filter pad technologies; membrane fouling characteristics and challenges; membrane cleaning improvements and optimization; and flux and recovery setp...

Presents an overview of procurement optoins for membrane project, primary target is a municipal entity making the purchase. Dicsusses specification and contract language...

This paper discusses efforts at West Basin to review specifications for some the latest generation of pressurized MF/UF modules and interchangeable formats for possible use in the future. Pilot plant data is presented. They found that there is a substantial level of consistency among PVDF current product...

This paper presented past and present operational data from the Richard A. Reynolds Groundwater Desalination Facility (RAR) in Chula Vista, CA operated by the Sweetwater Authority. Potential areas for optimization are identified including an evaluation of the clean in place (CIP) process, for the effectiveness of the current Reverse osmosis cleaner...

This paper describes work done at the Leo J Vander Lans Water Treatment Facility . After a pilot test for reclaiming backwash from the microfiltration and brine from the reverse osm osis trains, a full expansion was done to implement these changes. The results of the first year in operation are reported in this paper....

This paper describes pilot testing at the San Patricio Municipal Water District (SPMWD) to quality a Scinor membrane module for use for a retrofit and expansion at the plant. The plant wanted to evaluate alternative membranes that could be used as replacement for the currently installed membranes. Pilot procedures and data along with analyses are p...

The results of the pilot testing of 6 different membrane module evaluated over the past year will be presented and discussed. The presentation will focus on the variations of backwashing and cleaning strategies used to treat the water, and will discuss the differences in membrane fouling rates that occur as a result of operation on secondary efflue...

The use of reverse osmosis (RO) to treat municipal wastewater for various reuse purposes has gained considerable momentum in recent years, with multiple facilities now exceeding 100 million gallon per day (mgd) in capacity. Early wastewater RO (WWRO) facilities, built 10 to 15 years ago, were generally designed with low RO fluxes to reduce the risk...

At the Orange County Water Districts Groundwater Replenishment System, 6 - 5 mgd Reverse Osmosis units have been recently installed to provide an additional 30 mgd of treatment capacity. The units are configured in a 77:49:24 array with an Energy Recovery Device located between the first and second stage. The system was also designed with a bypass ...

The purpose of the paper is to discuss water quality monitoring practices that are associated with the operation of RO systems at Advanced Treated (aka Recycled) Water Facilities. Conventional regulatory approaches with regard to the use of surrogate indicators of operational performance (e.g., permeate conductivity, TOC) are affected by variations...

West Basin's Custom Engineered Microfiltration Pilot Unit has been in service for over a year now testing six different pressurized PVDF modules in parallel using West Basin's Title 22 water as a feed source. The results of Phase 1 of testing, which involved piloting these modules using manufacturer recommended sequences for backwashes, CEB, and CI...

Panel Discussion...

The water reuse industry has transitioned from proprietary microfiltration (MF) systems to MF systems designed by original equipment manufacturers (OEM) that can be adapted to operate a handful of membrane module types. These ?Universal? systems rely on OEMs to dictate generic operating parameters. West Basin has constructed its own pilot system to...

The City of Oceanside?s Mission Basin Groundwater Purification Facility (MBGPF) is an existing facility operating at 75% recovery, whereby 75% of the feedwater becomes permeate (product) and 25% is the concentrate (brine) stream. The City is currently piloting the Desalitech process which is anticipated to achieve up to 75% recovery of the Primary ...

Many new RO systems are including equipment and controls to provide flux balancing. In our experience, the proper application of flux balancing is not well understood by the RO design community and can be misapplied or provided with inadequate controls for flexible operation of the RO system. This presentation will help educate RO system designers ...

California has implemented a 12-10-10 log removal requirement for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for IPR projects which must be demonstrated. Conductivity and TOC being used as on-line indicators to determine compliance. However these processes lack the sensitivity to accurately measure the actual log reduction for pathogens. It is suggested t...

The Sweetwater Authority owns and operates a 10 mgd groundwater desalter in Chula Vista,CA. The facility has a unique characteristic with three reverse osmosis trains operating with four hundred square foot membranes and the remaining three trains operating with four hundred and forty square foot membranes. Over the last two years of operation, dat...

Clean in Place (CIP, cleaning) is an integral part of maintaining reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) systems. Over time, organic and inorganic foulants present in the feed water will build up on the membranes surface. These foulants reduce the systems efficiency and can lead to mechanical damage of the membrane surface. Normalizing operat...

Inland desalination faces unique challenges foremost of which is brine disposal. Challenges include salinity management, waste reduction, and operational complexity. Innovative technologies including closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) may play a role in cost effective solutions. This paper discusses the use of CCRO as a primary RO for potable re...

Inland desalination faces unique challenges foremost of which is brine disposal. Challenges include salinity management, waste reduction, and operational complexity. Innovative technologies including closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) may play a role in cost effective solutions. This paper discusses the use of CCRO as a primary RO for potable re...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...

Recent activity in the potable reuse field incorporates reverse osmosis (RO) processes as a requirement to provide pathogen removal and a reduction of other compounds. California has implemented the 12-10-10 log pathogen removal requirement respectively for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium for proposed groundwater recharge projects. Reverse Osmo...