Report on testing performed on various enhanced evaporation systems to minimize environmental impacts to the Salton Sea from increased salinity....

An briefing on the purpose, function and imprtance of well designed and operated membrane process pretreatment systems if offered. The potential consequences of membrane failures, scaling and fouling are reviewed....

This presentation covers the history of the Department of Reclamation and their efforts in concentrate management. The presentation points out that irrigation increases the salinity of surface soil and municipalities concentrate salts during the treatment process. The presentation then shifts to cover the various bureau concentrate management proje...

For desalination of surface waters, this study evaluates slowsand (SS) filtration as pretreatment to reverse osmosis (RO). In 2000, Reclamation's Phoenix Area Office in the appraisal study Alternatives for Using Central Arizona Project Water in the Northwest Tucson Area estimated the costs of three water treatment filtration processes: SS filtrati...

Forward osmosis (FO) offers the opportunity to engineer new applications based on the ubiquitous osmotic process utilized by every living organism. FO applications include small-scale individual water purification units (Instant Water), large-scale water desalination systems (Forward Osmosis Water Purification Units (FOWPUs)), and production of ele...

This presentation gives a very brief overview of the specifications and capabilities of the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in Alamogordo, New Mexico....

The transport properties of cellulose acetate membranes have limitations due to polymer impurities that may restrict flow and/or act as sites for salt leakage. Under the conditions found in this study, a novel technique was developed to obtain an image of these impurities. These impurities can be determined semi-quantitatively per unit area, and co...

Polyamide membranes are subject to deterioration by the chlorine added to the feed water. A more robust membrane would theoretically tolerate higher concentrations of chlorine without chemical damage. The current polyamide thin film membrane is made by an interfacial reaction between the reactant pair trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and mphenylenediamine ...

The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. This paper explains the scope and breadth of the Bureau's mission citing past successes, regulations, challenges and opportunities....

This is a general overview of the role that the Bureau of Reclamation has played in developing water sources in the American West. As the second largest hydroelectirc power producer in the US, the Bureau works with the Army, DOE and DOI to develop green renewable energy sources including solar, wind, and hydro. They will be tracking developments ...

Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility (BGNDRF), located in Alamogordo, NM, is managed by U.S. Dept. of Interior Bureau of Reclamation. It is a new federal facility were researchers work to develop cost effective desalination technologies bridging the gap between science and engineering to speed water supply enhancing techniq...

This paper describes work done by the US Bureau of Reclamation to produce Cellulose Acetate membrane that is naturally chlorine resistant allowing for easier biofouling control and are a better option than Polyamide membranes for waters with high organic particulate fouling potential....

The City of Goodyear and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation partnered to study wetlands treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) reject concentrate. RO concentrate includes elevated concentrations of contaminants that are removed during treatment of brackish water for potable water use. Contaminants include salts, metals, and nutrients typically at concent...

COMPARISON OF FOULING POTENTIAL AND CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF CERAMIC AND POLYMERIC MEMBRANES FOR WATER TREATMENT APPLICATIONS. In this study, constant flux experiments were conducted to quantify the fouling tendency and cleaning efficiency using a model feed water composition chosen to simulate surface water under the influence of wastewater. An al...

This presentation will provide an update on the last four years of research funded by Reclamation on produced water technologies. Each technology has varying positive and negative aspects with respect to chemical requirements, energy requirements, footprint, cost, and removal capability. General information is included on a number of categories of...

This PowerPoint presentation describes the beneficial reuse and water minimization of hexavalent chromium ion exchange brine....

Recycled water projects that include some form of potable reuse are becoming more common in the water industry. They are being built to help alleviate water shortages throughout the world by allowing the reuse of available water. Many of these systems utilize membrane processes to remove soluble and insoluble contaminants to produce high quality pr...

The United States constructed the San Luis Unit to provide irrigation in central California with the 1960 San Luis Act. Subsequent court orders mandated that agricultural drainage service be provided to the farms that were supplied irrigation under the San Luis Act. The impacts to waterfowl and other aquatic species that manifested in 1985 at Keste...

Bureau of Reclamation has been making investments in research in the area of produced water for over a decade. There area various lessons learned and results in this area of research that are currently informing our current research programs. There are gaps and needs being identified and moving forward this impaired water source is becoming a key p...

This paper provides detail descriptions of strategies and techniques that are used to maximize RO recovery for a water source with very high scaling potential. RO recovery maximization is critical for downstream Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) operation due to extremely high costs associated with ZLD. Planning level of cost estimations for the membrane...

Cal Poly Pomona, Carollo Engineers, Inc., and Pall Corp. are participating in a water reuse research funded by Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate novel treatment train ?integrated membrane anaerobic stabilization (IMANS)? system for wastewater treatment and water reclamation, the performance of microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) of primar...

The presentation describes the pilot testing arrangement with an infiltration supply well, ultrafiltration pre-treatment system and three stages of NF membranes to simulate full scale operation to reduce TOC to less than 0.8 mg/L. The pilot equipment was operated for three months at 90% to 96% recovery, and operational data were collected on pressu...