Historically there has been an industry-wide perception that if a feedwater source contains dissolved metals they must be removed via oxidation and filtration prior to RO membrane treatment. The purpose of this paper is to provide data on evaluating the suitability of directly treating high iron and manganese feedwaters with membranes through the p...

Fort Dodge Reverse Osmosis Facility is a newly started (April 2021) membrane treatment system in the state of Iowa. The presentation includes the initial reasons for the facility upgrade and why RO was chosen. Basic overview of initial pilot studies (2 in this instance, direct feed v pretreatment), current overall facility flow and treatment. Key s...

New 3.5 MGD reverse osmosis plant introduction and overview. Experiences of starting up a new reverse osmosis plant including the trains themselves, chemical feed systems, pumps for distribution, and overall building systems. Grimes need for more water production was the reason for the new, larger reverse osmosis plant. Remodeled 1.4 MGD lime softe...