This presentation focuses on minimization of RO concentrate volume and disposal costs. An overview of sources of membrane scaling is provided and potential pre-treatment and post-treatment options are discussed to minimize concentrate and recover additional product water. This study concludes that it is feasible to increase recovery to greater t...

Presentation described the development and testing of solar power driven membrane distillation for use in rural water-stressed areas. The report details how such systems are more cost effective than conventional thermal distillation and reverse osmosis desalination which are more energy intensive and require exclusive pretreatment....

Bench scale experiments with hollow fiber sweeping gas membrane distillation. Relationship to remote systems using solar power is discussed....

A pilot-scale osmotic membrane bioreactor-membrane distillation (OMBR-MD) system was developed for potable wastewater reuse at military forward operating bases. The system consists of forward osmosis (FO) membranes submerged in a bioreactor and an MD system designed to reconcentrate the FO draw solution and generate product water using waste-heat. ...