This paper presents an integrated coagulation-flocculation and submerged membranes pretreatment system for floc separationin water desalintaiton and water reuse....

The cost-effective protection of membranes is critical to making membrane filtration processes economically advantageous. A technology that could improve both efficacy and cost-efficiency is pre-filtration with automatic self-cleaning microfiber technology. This technology utilizes an automatic self-cleaning microfiber system to filter suspended s...

This paper introduces the polyamide 11 coatings and describes its benefits throughout 40 years of relevant usage references within the water industry. Also shown how it can give engineering companies and subcontractors an opportunity to decrease both OPEX and CAPEX in water treatment plants using membrane technologies....

This paper discusses a pilot program where hydrogen sulfide gas is removed by first oxidizing to particulate form, elemental sulfur, and then filtering with MF/UF....

This paper describes the Design, Construction & Startup of a Fast Track Water Reclamation Facility. This project was designed, built, and commissioned in the record time of 14 months (contract awarded in June 2006 and commissioned in August 2007). The paper presents a brief description of design and constructability issues of this fast track projec...

This case study, provided by the Bonita Springs Utility, discusses the East Water Reclamation Facility. Operational in 2006, this 4 MGD facility, using ZeeWeed? membranes, is designed to accommodate phased expansion up 16 MGD. Topics discussed include plant features, key MBR selection criteria and operational lessons learned....

This presentation follows three case studies, the authors believe these case studies will be useful to the water industry as they provide a framework for others to follow who are interested in methodically evaluating chemical pretreatment to enhance process performance and operational efficiency while simultaneously maintaining safe margins for sca...

This paper will present the approach for incorporating new electrical service for the RO treatment plant, RO treatment facilities,addition of blending water for post-treatment corrosion control, post treatment system for degasification and odor control and a high service pump station at the Pinewoods membrane facility. Operational results after pla...

The mission of the Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is to promote seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (SWRO) as an affordable, viable source of fresh water. In order to accomplish this mission the ADC seeks to demonstrate affordable desalination using off-the-shelf technology and to create a body of data that can guide & benefi...

This paper describes a Pilot-Scale Investigation of the Effects of Water Blending on an Existing Hybrid Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis System The project includes the assessment of membrane performance, biological activity, water stability, and foulant analysis. The results presented found the blending should not result in any adverse effects....

This presentation describes a city's goal of implementing a desalination project supplied by beach wells to facilitate city-wide redevelopment. Significant measures were taken to reduce both capital and operating costs through energy recovery, high efficiency pumps, and off-peak operation. By utilizing this design approach, and making use of a 50% ...

This paper described the design and construction of the City of Clewiston 3 mgd reverse osmosis plant, a grass roots facility that included new raw water supply wells, new water treatment plant and a deep injection disposal well...

This paper describes the results of a pilot-scale study to optimize granular media filtration and ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment systems in a reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination process and presents initial results that compare alternative pretreatment systems. The testing program includes three major activities water quality monitoring, ...

This paper discuss' why package MBR units are not just plug and play. There is a tremendous amount of interaction and involvement required by all parties - the Utility, the Engineer, and the Manufacturer - for the successful implementation of the prepackaged units. Some of the key issues brought up both during design, construction, and operations ...

This paper will summarize the challenges and solutions faced during design and construction of the Weatherford, Texas Water Purification Plant microfiltration facility. Those challenges include limited space at the existing facility, and compatibility issues for operating the new membrane filtration process in parallel with the existing treatment ...

The paper will provide an overview of the effort at Deerfield Beach new RO plant for any new equipment required, tie-ins to existing equipment, pilot test results, water quality issues, etc. The paper will also discuss the pilot test results which are the basis for the concentrate reuse option....

Biological design of a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is different than for a Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) process. Because of the interrelationship between process conditions and membrane filtration several design considerations are unique to MBR. This paper provides a step-by-step approach to MBR process design including sample diagrams and l...

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology is rapidly evolving and innovating. This paper covers five generations of MBR and provides a brief history of the technology starting with Dorr Oliver in the 1960's....

This paper will briefly review membrane desalting processes and discuss new innovations that have recently been commercialized and some anticipated future improvements that are currently in research and development. Some of the new innovations that are discussed are recent membrane developments which improve productivity and/or rejection capabiliti...

This paper discuss' wellfield sand issues and how they impacted a RO system operation. This paper also gives an overview of the progression of the wellfield solutions, starting with the addition of basket strainers, to well redevelopment, and eventually to the installation of automatic backwashing sand strainers. The overview includes a summary of ...

This paper describes a water enhancement study that will address the concerns of a Surface Water Treatment Plant which is challenged during dry weather periods to maintain MCL's due to concerns of TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and sulfates. Engineers developed different scenarios, to include surface water membrane technologies, river bank filtration...

This paper describes the evoluion of treatment at the Collier County North County Regional Water Treatment Plant that uses membrane filtration....

This paper reports on the reliability of a desalination plant in its six years of operation in terms of water quantity and quality, energy usage and availability. The success of this plant with its open sea intake and high turbidity Gulf of Paria water, was summarized as the following; biological control ending continuous use of chlorine, a proven...

This paper addresses technical issues within the desalination community by presenting a performance comparison of three membrane pretreatment systems. The success or any seawater desalination facility relies almost entirely on the capability of the pretreatment and preconditioning processes to provide suitable-quality, pre-filtered seawater to the ...

The focus of this paper is the performance of an ultrafiltration pretreatment system, for a power plant located in the Northern part of China. The power plant has limited water resources so they are able to divert sea water for use as a raw water source. The raw water quality posted a challenging condition for the desalination treatment. The sea wa...

The mission of the Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is to promote seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (SWRO) as an affordable, viable source of fresh water. In order to accomplish this mission the ADC conducted a multiphase pilot taking feed water from the Pacific Ocean (Navy intake at Port Hueneme, CA). This paper contain pilo...

Enviroquip? Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Systems are used in a variety of applications from point of use treatment to large wastewater treatment plants. This paper discusses MBR system innovations from improving energy efficient, to polymers to membrane cleaning (dewatering removal). Case study information is provided in support of innovation topics...

This paper presents an analysis of single-stage, two-stage and one-and-one-half-stage designs conducted using a membrane projection program and PX device performance characteristics at different feed water salinities. The paper presents simplified operating guidelines and control philosophy for these designs. The author anticipates that multiple-st...

The focus of this case study is the City of Palm Coast's Water Treatment Plant No. 2, which utilizes membrane softening technology. As a result of regulatory policy changes mandated by USEPA, the City's surface water discharge permit for concentrate disposal has had to be completely changed in order to achieve a successful long term permit renewal....

The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation process for facilities utilizing membrane technologies and to provide some practical guidance on how to make it as efficient as possible, thereby saving time, resources, and frustration....

ZeeWeed? membranes are used in a variety of MBR applications from small package systems to large wastewater treatment plants. This paper includes product information and a look at innovation in terms of energy efficiency....

This presentation describes a unique and successful integration of RO into a conventional surface water treatment plant due to increasing leaves of nitrate during certain times of the year. This process will be of interest to many utilities needing to upgrade or augment their existing treatment capabilities. This project is an excellent example of ...

This presentation is a case study for implementing an MBR system starting with the judicial rulling all the way through the facility startup. There are numerous leasons learned about the process and how best to manage the contractual relationship with the owner and the contractor and deal with startup issues. The plant is a 4 mgd MBR located in No...

This paper focuses on the lessons learned from performing a series of tracer studies at the City of Kennewick's Water Filtration Plant which was recently retrofitted with submerged membranes....

Key Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) design principles are provided with a focus on pretreatment and aeration. Aeration, energy, equipment and total cost trends (courtesy of Siemens) are included for reference....

The objective of this paper was to evaluate and provide recommendations for improvement, if required, to a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment system after 10 years of operation. When this treatment plant was designed, it was to the current industry standards for membrane design. Of particular interest was the condition of the screening system...

This paper explores the application of different treatment processes for three ethanol refineries in the United States and their respective waste residuals management solutions, which include discharging to storage ponds, a surface water receiving stream, and a mechanical zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system. In addition, this paper discusses how the...

This paper describes a study that had two objectives 1) to compare the filtration processes and resultant water quality of a conventional treatment and membrane filtration plant to quantify any potential treatment inequity and 2) to employ the LT2ESWTR Microbial Toolbox to capitalize on current treatment performance and identify process improvement...

This paper will also present a case study that compares the use of VSEP and the conventional thermal zero liquid discharge (ZLD) process from the cost and engineering perspective....

This paper presents important findings from an AwwaRF-funded research project. The focus of this paper is on the Energy consumption (EC) by ultrafiltration membranes (UF), groundwater reverse osmosis (RO), and membrane bioreactors (MBR). Each of these processes will be tied to water quality variations, various operating condition, and treatment req...

This paper explores the ideas for developing organizations to persue large economy of scale water projects beyond the individual systems. Also discussed are barriers to the implementation of projects which includes the ability to pursue a wide range of development and funding mechanisms including public private joint ventures and large scale cooper...

The mission of the Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is to promote seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (SWRO) as an affordable, viable source of fresh water. In order to accomplish this mission the ADC conducted a multiphase pilot taking feed water from the Pacific Ocean (Navy intake at Port Hueneme, CA). This paper contains pil...

This presentation compares conventional and membrane technologies for the pretreatment of Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) systems. The variability of open intake seawater feed sources creates a demand for superior RO pretreatment. UF/MF pretreatment consistently produces RO feed water of superior quality, regardless of the raw water quality. The b...

The intent of this paper was to review reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane plants located in five states. The plants selected address both inland and coastal designed facilities as well as various plants using nanofiltration membranes, brackish water membranes and low pressure energy efficient membrane processes. Discussions for each plant ...

This paper introduces improvements in both reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane polymer chemistry and in spiral wound RO/NF element construction. These improvements are focused on reducing the rate of fouling in high fouling feed waters while enhancing the quantity and quality of permeate water that can be economically produced. Th...

This paper presents an investigation into the water swelling and water deswelling properties of three super absorbent polymer materials as well as the water transport effects through two membranes with a super absorbent polymer (SAP)....

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have several advantages over conventional treatment technologies using tertiary filtration. This paper covers some of the fundamentals of MBR and includes comparative information for evaluating common membrane technologies used in MBR applications....

This paper provides a brief history of membranes, the characteristics of the different types of membranes, and the exponential growth in the number of installations. Applications for water, wastewater treatmentwater reuse and desalination, and the challenges that membrane treatment processes face are also presented. The presentation will conclude w...

This paper will discuss the Inland and Coastal issues for desalination plants, including intakes shared with electric power plants, and shall propose innovative concentrate reuse technologies...

This paper reviews the chemistry of iron and manganese species in water that affect the operation and maintenance of Reverse Osmosis systems. Results of studies involving iron fouling and control are presented....

This paper focus is on solving major problems of existing RO plants, and closing the gap between these plants and those that run continuously without unscheduled stoppages for more than 12 years. The list incudes functions that should be performed in the design and operation of an RO plant; Process Chemistry, Process Equipment and Process Procedure...

This paper describes the analysis of the feasibility of an offshore, desalination treatment facility which showed that the concept is viable at all of the evaluated production rates. The findings of this study demonstrate that an offshore platform can accommodate the necessary treatment systems and equipment and, from an operational perspective, re...

This presentation discuss' how features of a new MBR module make it particularly applicable to large-scale MBR plants. Features such as an optimized permeate extraction manifold and air supply lines reduce the number of piping connections during installation. To simplify membrane cleaning and maintenance, the proprietary central aeration system an...

Koch? membranes are used in a variety of MBR applications from small package systems to large wastewater treatment plants. This paper includes product information and a look at innovation in terms of energy efficiency. Several case studies are provided for reference....

The mission of the Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is to promote seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (SWRO) as an affordable, viable source of fresh water. In order to accomplish this mission the ADC conducted a multiphase pilot taking feed water from the Pacific Ocean (Navy intake at Port Hueneme, CA). This paper contains pil...

This paper investigates many aspects of the Australian SWRO projects and correlates them to conditions in the United States. It describes the key factors for project implementation, relative sizes of the planned facilities, the alternatives to SWRO and the justifications for selecting SWRO in Australia. It also provides a variety of summary tables...

This paper describes the challenges in design of the Burnt Store .5 MGD Reverse osmosis plant expansion from .5 MGD to 2.25 MGD...

This paper decribes the pilot study to evaluate scale inhibitors on the performance of membranes selected for removing salt from the brackish groundwater feeding the Burnt Store Water Treatment Plant (WTP)...

This paper introduces a method for monitoring plant performance, and quantifying the stability of operation. The paper will start by examining the issue of fouling, and the methods for fouling control. It will then go on to discuss selection of an appropriate design flux...

This presentation focuses on research results from two projects, the Bureau of Reclamation project: Treatment of Concentrate and the Joint Water Reuse and Desalination Task Force report: Survey of High Recovery and Zero Liquid Discharge Technologies for Water Utilities. As part of the research the treatment of concentrate by the 5 general ZLD proce...

This paper will discuss the design criteria used for selecting a membrane pretreatment system, for the water needed at an Ethanol Plant in Iowa, it discusses the start-up problems, corrections and subsequent performance. Installation procedures are reviewed along with the reliable technology utilized by the pretreatment system. This ethanol plant i...

This paper gives a comparison of the corrosion properties, strength and physical properties of the LDX 2101 grade to other stainless steels commonly used for desalination systems. Examples of successful use of LDX 2101 are summarized and recommendations on suitable desalination applications are presented....

The paper compares duplex stainless steels to the traditional austenitic grades. It discusses austenitic-ferritic or duplex grades that are entering the industrial sector. The paper also describes applications within desalination where the duplex grades have been used and the reasons behind their choice. The duplex stainless steels have good resist...

This paper review's the application and design engineering process used for AVS pumps and AT Turbochargers and analyze operating experience with the AT Hydraulic Turbocharger and AVS pumps since their introduction in 2004 in a number of SWRO plants. The results of performance testing of the AVS pump is also discussed....

This paper describes the biofouling aspects of a system that takes pre-treated IJssel Lake water subjected to an integrated membrane system (IMS) at surface water treatment plant Heemskerk. The plant combines the application of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO)....

Two examples of development of a water supply for high-end developments in a coastal beach area are discussed in this paper. These developments include five-star hotels, luxury villas, recreational facilities and championship class golf courses. This paper describes the integration of desalination technology to produce several different types of wa...

This paper describes an inventive program implemented by Islamorada, Village of Islands to plan, permit, design and construct a new central sewer system connecting existing residential and commercial property on Plantation Key, including a new 0.250 MGD-AADF advanced wastewater treatment plant utilizing MBR technology. MBR have proven to be a super...

This paper provides an innovative detailed design approach to right inadequate design, control features and deteriorating wells while optimizing performance from Reverse Osmosis Membranes....

The Pajaro River Watershed in the Monterey Bay region of California flows through some of the most productive agricultural land in the country and in the process, flows across numerous jurisdictional boundaries. In the upper watershed, the groundwater used as potable water has high concentrations of hardness and total dissolved solids. To mitigate ...

Reverse osmosis water treatment facilities in the Bahamas typically use water wells tapping seawater as a source of raw water supply. In order to reduce treatment costs for a site on New Providence Island, an investigation was conducted on a man-made lake containing brackish water utalizing the surrounding shallow groundwater system. The hydrogeolo...

Given the number of membrane manufactures and technology providers (or system suppliers) in the market, it is important for owners to understand procurement options. This paper provides a basic overview of available procurement strategies including a look at contracts and funding. In particular, an approach to selecting a manufacturer or supplier...

This paper discussed the ?SkyHydrant? system that uses water filtration units to convert contaminated water into clean, potable water that exceeds WHO requirements for potable water. Siemens Water Technologies has partnered with the SkyJuice Foundation of Sydney, Australia to provide these units. The design and operation are discussed....

Siemens? membranes, and the MemJet MBR process, are used in a variety of applications from small package systems to large wastewater treatment plants. This paper includes product information and a look at innovations including two-phase jetting....

The paper describes thesis research that elucidates the permeation mechanism of trace organics through Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration membranes. Specifically, the effects of size, charge and solute-membrane affinity on rejection (both time-variant and steady state) are investigated under varying feed conditions such as changing pH, ionic streng...

This paper descries the effort to bring the Tampa Bay desalination plant online applying for more than 22 permits for construction and subsequent operations. In addition to this regulatory oversight, a cumulative impact analysis, several predictive modeling projects, and 6 independent assessments of pilot plant operations were undertaken to provide...

This paper discusses the development of highly efficient flat sheet MBR modules, which have superior advantages to conventional ones for thousands of small water treatment plants. In the study they develop MF Membrane specialized for membrane bioreactor technology, they also adopt a fine bubble diffuser for the efficient aeration of the membrane su...

The mission of the Affordable Desalination Collaboration (ADC) is to promote seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (SWRO) as an affordable, viable source of fresh water. In order to accomplish this mission the ADC conducted a multiphase pilot taking feed water from the Pacific Ocean (Navy intake at Port Hueneme, CA). This paper contains pil...

This paper explores three different membrane-based processes for the treatment of domestic wastewater tertiary filtration from conventional activated sludge (CAS), immersed membrane activated sludge (IMAS), and a fixed film bioreactor followed by membranes. All three membrane processes utilize a submerged, spiral wound membrane system. The unique c...

The purpose of this presentation was to present the problems associated with placing on line different water supplies; particularly with emphasis on blending permeate water into existing water systems. Also discussed is integration of membrane treated groundwater supplies with surface water and desalinated brackish water and/or seawater supplies an...

This paper describes a project that identifies technology that will facilitate effective water and macronutrient recovery during lignocellulosic biomass-to-fuel processing for rural communities....

This paper describesa multi-level and systematic approach to by the Dunedin FL RO plant to develop cleaning strategies for biofouled membranes that will lead to improved cleaning and decreased operational costs. It will also quantify the effects of improved protocol report on the policy implications of developed protocols in terms of cost suitabili...

The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. This paper explains the scope and breadth of the Bureau's mission citing past successes, regulations, challenges and opportunities....

This presentation covers the basics for planning a membrane plant. The presentation covers the basic capabilities and limitations of all membrane processes: Seawater and brackish water Reverse osmosis,EDR, Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration as well as Integrated Membrane Systems (IMS). The author covers the eight phases of a membrane...

California water supply is a complex and dynamic topic. This presentation explains where California gets its water now and how sweater desalination will play an increasingly important role taking into account commercial, regulatory and technological factors. Case study information is provided for several projects including the West Basin....

This paper will discuss the integration of the ultrafiltration membrane system into the existing Keokuk Municipal water treatment works without disrupting the potable water supply, 18 months of operation of the first membrane skid and 6 months of operation of the second membrane skid. It will compare start up and operation of both membrane skids sh...