In common parlance, reverse osmosis (RO) is often described as removing salt from water. In practice however, these processes squeeze water from a salt solution resulting in concentrate to be disposed or treated further in more expensive processes which pose significant challenges to the viability of a project. Disposal options may be cost-prohibit...

In common parlance, reverse osmosis (RO) is often described as removing salt from water. In practice however, these processes squeeze water from a salt solution resulting in concentrate to be disposed or treated further in more expensive processes which pose significant challenges to the viability of a project. Disposal options may be cost-prohibit...

Concentrate pH in RO and NF applications plays a significant role in the formation of certain scales and the rejection of various contaminants. Incorrectly predicting pH can lead to excessive chemical costs or operational issues. Likewise, permeate pH is of utmost importance for determining post-treatment requirements for the product water. Most me...

Concentrate pH in RO and NF applications plays a significant role in the formation of certain scales and the rejection of various contaminants. Incorrectly predicting pH can lead to excessive chemical costs or operational issues. Likewise, permeate pH is of utmost importance for determining post-treatment requirements for the product water. Most me...