This presentation will describe the basics of reverse osmosis and how concentrate is part of the process. The importance of recovery rate, salt passage, concentrate factor and more will be discussed. The presention will provice a basis for the discussion about concentrate management....

This presentation covers the basics of Concentrate Management including the systems producing concentrate, the general range of concentrate quality by source water, and the primary concentrate management options available to utilities today....

Water treatment using membrane technology will always generate a coninuous flow of concentrate which must be discharged or the water treatment process will stop. Discharge can be treatment of the concentrate to a solid or ZLD but currently at a relatively high cost. The concentrate will contain only the elements present in the raw water, or conta...

This presentation will discuss various factors that can affect the discharge of concentrate to surface water bodies. Factors such as water quantity and quality, environmental conditions, public concerns, and regulations, among others, will be examined. Case studies which highlight the significance of such factors will also be presented....

The protection of our underground sources of drinking water is of utmost importance, and the injection of fluids below these sources is, therefore heavily regulated. With careful consideration, planning and design deep well injection can be a viable and cost effective option for disposal of membrane treatment byproduct without negatively impacting...

Disposal of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate is becoming an increasingly difficult challenge, even for coastal desalination. Industries and municipalities are investigating zero liquid discharge (ZLD) options for concentrate management. This paper will provide an overview of the options available to achieve ZLD, from wetlands discharge through to...

Cover the on-going projects currently being funded by Reclamation in the area of concentrate management. The work covers from well known technologies such as wetlands to the creation of a toolbox that identifies technologies currently available. The presentation will also identify the various paths that Reclamation is taking to address the concerns...

Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes represent superior treatment technologies as they effectively reject unwanted contaminants producing high quality permeate, which is capable of meeting increasingly stringent drinking water regulations. For this reason, municipal drinking water purveyors are integrating membrane techno...

Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes represent superior treatment technologies as they effectively reject unwanted contaminants producing high quality permeate, which is capable of meeting increasingly stringent drinking water regulations. For this reason, municipal drinking water purveyors are integrating membrane techno...

The search is not ended - more than likely it is never ending. The idea of eliminating concentrate disposal entirely, the subsequent use of a technology to eliminate concentrate disposal, environmental sustainability demands, regulatory policy updates all are features of "Zero Liquid Discharge"....

Brine management is becoming a necessity for many communities across the US. Additional technologies can be utilized to treat the concentrate from exisiting systems. These technologies allow for increased production flow and reduction of waste disposal volumes and costs. This presenation will give examples of additional equipment has been designe...

Innovations in antiscalant technology have allowed for improved scale control under more severe conditions. This presentation discusses the application of a high performance antiscalant for calcium carboante inhibition at a plant in South Florida....

High recovery systems are a trending topic in the water treatment industry. Recent applications show the new targeted recoveries to be 85% or higher. Broad spectrum antiscalants work well with conventional RO designs and recoveries (typically 85% or less). However, high recovery RO's require special consideration to an antiscalant selection that fo...

Closed Circuit Reverse Osmosis (CCRO) has demonstrated itself in a variety of environments and industries to provide a host of benefits including minimizing concentrate volumes. A concise introduction to the flexible CCRO process interlaced with explanation as to how maximum recoveries are achieved while minimizing the inefficiences related to tra...

Forward osmosis technology is emerging as a leading solution to treat difficult, high salinity waters. Oasys Water has deployed the Membrane Brine Concentrator (MBC), enabled by thermolytic draw solutions and high performance membranes, as a low cost, low energy alternative to thermal evaporators. In this discussion we will explore how the integrat...