While wind and solar are among the most well known renewable resources, salinity gradient power in nearly untapped and has the potential to increase renewable energy production by 20%. Pressure retarded osmosis is a way to capture this. PRO can be utilized in several configurations. The advantage of this system is the brine generated is diluted bac...

This paper discusses modeling of pressure retarded osmosis as energy recovery for reverse osmosis desalination. The analysis reported in this paper reflects the current state of PRO membrane technology...

As RO desalination facilities are being implemented in drought-affected areas, California has responded by adding a desalination amendment to the California Ocean Plan in which desalination plants are required to dilute the discharged brine with wastewater effluent before being discharged to the ocean. The colocation of desalination facilities with...

A pilot-scale osmotic membrane bioreactor-membrane distillation (OMBR-MD) system was developed for potable wastewater reuse at military forward operating bases. The system consists of forward osmosis (FO) membranes submerged in a bioreactor and an MD system designed to reconcentrate the FO draw solution and generate product water using waste-heat. ...