This paper investigates many aspects of the Australian SWRO projects and correlates them to conditions in the United States. It describes the key factors for project implementation, relative sizes of the planned facilities, the alternatives to SWRO and the justifications for selecting SWRO in Australia. It also provides a variety of summary tables...

The advent of the Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) marked the beginning of new era in the regulation of membrane technology for drinking water treatment....

This paper provides an overview of the LT2ESWTR membrane regulatory framework. The presentation will discuss the concept of integrity test resolution in detail, including an explanation of the relevent equations from the Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual and an overview of the ability of the various MF/UF manufacturers to comply with the require...

This presentation emphasizes on the importance of maximizing recovery at MF/UF systems. Several cases are presented and suggestions such as using more efficient backwashing (by using less water each time and backwashing less frequently) are elaborated. Benefits of using less water and creating less wasted water are explained in detail....

This presentation Provides an overview of NF/RO and helps with an understanding of their application concepts. It provides logical selection process by answering the fundamental questions about when NF/RO can, should and must be used. It also helps with identification of critical issues (e.g., cost, fouling, residuals, risks and regulations) for...

Ten SWRO facilities in seven countries were interviewed in on a number of topics covering conveyance, hydraulics, integration, blending strategies, water quality goals, post-treatment, corrosion control and lessons learned. The most significant findings were strategies for controlling bromide to minimize chloramine residual decay, the advantage...

The purpose of this paper is to compare concentrate management strategies for recycled wastewater, highly brackish groundwater, seawater, and saline surface water. Discussed is a process for generating calcium carbonate by combining carbon dioxide emissions from power plants with seawater to mitigate global warming, and to recycle the calcium carb...

This paper and associated presentation explores these areas of regulatory discretion under the Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) membrane regulatory framework, discussing the impact of different approaches both qualitatively (i.e., from a policy perspective) and quantitatively (i.e., using a sensitivity analysis applied t...

Considerations that must be addressed when bidding an open platform UF system...

This paper discusses the pilot test results at El Paso, TX and the degree to which each NF/RO permeate stream affects UV-AOP performance, as well as the influence of this performance on NF/RO membrane selection for the full-scale facility....

This paper describes the broad application of cost-effective zero liquid discharge (ZLD) for desalination concentrate management. Costs, residual management, crystallizers, brine concentrators and more are discussed within the presentation....

This paper and associated conference presentation discuss the multi-faceted function of NF/RO in potable reuse treatment and the influence of this diverse functionality on the cost-benefit analysis between the performance enhancement and economic efficiency strategies for treatment system design. The critical role of NF/RO integrity testing in such...

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The use of alternative, lower quality sources, such as brackish groundwater, saline surface water, and recycled wastewater (i.e., for potable reuse) are rapidly becoming an integral component of long-term portfolio planning, and all nearly all of these alternative supplies require desalination. However, in many areas, particularly inland locations...

Although significant progress has been made toward the development of continuous direct integrity test methods for NF/RO systems, the current industry discourse has largely overlooked the challenge testing requirements described in the Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual (MFGM). However, some state regulators may be unwilling to grant significant p...

Although seawater desalination has been broadly implemented around the globe, historically there have been no comprehensive studies examining the impact of integrating desalinated seawater into existing distribution systems historically utilizing more conventional sources of supply with widely varying water quality. WRF-15-06 addresses that researc...

The use of alternative, lower quality sources, such as brackish groundwater, saline surface water, and recycled wastewater (i.e., for potable reuse) are rapidly becoming an integral component of long-term portfolio planning, and all nearly all of these alternative supplies require desalination. However, in many areas, particularly inland locations...