This presentation provides several methods to calculate sensitivity for pressure-based integrity testing. The key is to relate the log reduction value (LRV) to the parameters integrity testing. An example calculation using the spreadsheet based on an actual membrane system is presented. The calculated result is compared with the measured LRV value...

This paper discusses fatigue testing on polymeric membranes are made of high molecular-weight polymers. One approach is accelerated fatigue test where the testing conditions are closely resemble to those used in actual operating conditions with a much accelerated pace. The paper concludes that properly designed fatigue test is considered the best a...

Autopsy studies of MF/UF membranes to evaluate wear and tear and the possibility of integrity failures after long use....

This paper presents several case studies to illustrate the complexity of low pressure membrane fouling in real world applications. By correlating the recovery in membrane permeability to specific cleaning step, as well as the quantity of contaminants on the membrane surfaces, the cause for fouling could be elucidated and the most effective cleanin...

Membrane fouling is ubiquitous and has a significant impact on the operation of membrane plants. Although the impact of fouling may be mitigated via the modification of pretreatment processes, inefficient cleaning can affect the extent of irreversible permeability loss, leading to the premature replacement of membranes. The challenges of having eff...

Membrane fouling caused by iron or the combination of iron and organic matter is very common operating issue in membrane plants. Iron species in natural water can be dissolved, via incomplete oxidation and/or precipitation, as well as metal-NOM complexation, both may cause the loss in membrane permeability and/or difficulties in cleaning. The chemi...

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