implementing conventional softening ICCS reactors tested were shown in increase brackish water RO recoveries up to 95%. These reactors however require a significant amount of chemicals and they generate a large volume of residuals to be handled. Pellet softening ICCS reactors were tested and achieved the RO system was able to achieve a 96% recovery...

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of selecting treatment and management schemes for inland brine concentrate. It elaborates that implementing inland desalination is very complicated and as a minimum, three concepts of concentrate treatment technologies; concentrate disposal options and concentrate management strategies should be ...

This presentation will focus on bench and pilot testing results of concentrate treatment technologies. It will include capital, O&M and life cycle cost analysis for various concentrate pretreatment and treatment technologies. These costs are based on design and operational parameters (e.g. chemical does, resin regeneration frequency) validated thro...

This presentation focuses on the pilot testing results obtained for the concentrate treatment technologies that were evaluated. It also includes results from the capital, O&M and life cycle cost analyses for various concentrate pretreatment and treatment technologies. These costs are based on design and operational parameters (e.g. chemical dose, r...

Electrodialysis Reversal began in the 1970s as an improvement on the Electrodialysis technology with a cell pair composed of an anion membrane, a diluting spacer, a cation membrane, and a concentrating spacer. Building on the improvement of an old technology through continuous research and development efforts, current industry trends and leading ed...

This presentation provides an assessment of treatment technologies addressing inorganic contaminants and is based on several case studies completed in California, Utah, and Arizona. Six strategies for economical and effective groundwater treatment will be discussed based on pilot, desktop, and bench studies. These strategies include understanding ...

This paper will provide a synopsis on technologies that are capable of selectively removing sodium and chloride ions along with experiments to examine newly development monovalent salt selective membrane elements....

Good, Better, Best. Never let it rest. To proactively manage their limited water resources, many inland utilities and private sector water consumers have embarked and maintained certain level of salinity management activities. This includes developing regional salinity monitoring and control program as part of relevant master planning documents, es...

Selective separation of mono- and multi-valent ions has important applications in water reuse, desalination, and salt production, by adjusting ion composition to meet product water quality requirements. In this study, we developed an innovative monovalent permselective cation-exchange membrane (CEM) CR671 by modifying normal grade membrane CR67 wit...

This paper presents a successful story for optimizing the design of an industrial reuse facility using MF/RO/UV. Design parameters were established based on pilot testing and engineering evaluation. However, the sizing of the MF / RO system and the feed and product tanks becomes very challenging due to site restrictions and the dramatic variability...