In the recent decade, 3D printing technology has been used to produce spacers in the membrane industry due to its advantages at dealing with complicated geometries and simplifying the assembling process. A new spacer methodology is investigated that uses 3D printing to directly attach spacers to the membrane surface. The novelty of this method is t...

In the recent decade, 3D printing technology has been used to produce spacers in the membrane industry due to its advantages at dealing with complicated geometries and simplifying the assembling process. A new spacer methodology is investigated that uses 3D printing to directly attach spacers to the membrane surface. The novelty of this method is t...