Ultrafiltration membrane plants are typically operated within supplier process recommendations. Experienced plant operators may decide to test modifications of some process related parameters to evaluate their effect on the running costs. The paper presents long-term operation of the Keokuk Municipal Waterworks, Iowa, USA, where such experiments ha...

The subject of this summary is the comparison between continuous and intermittent coagulant addition upstream of ultrafiltration membranes to remove organic compounds and thereby minimize the biological fouling of reverse osmosis membranes. In addition to the results of this comparison, the paper presents a new type of measurement called the ?Coati...