Over the last few decades Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) have transitioned from a new innovation to a conventional, trusted approach to advanced wastewater treatment. Like any other wastewater treatment process the key to succesful MBR operation lies in understanding how they work, why they work and some important factors that affect their performance....

This presentation provides an overview of membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes and identifies options for incorporating flexibility in design. Several case studies are presented that show examples of flexible MBR designs while highlighting the suitabiblity of MBR as a technology for retrofitting existing wastewater treatment facilities....