The aeration of combined NF and RO concentrate has resulted in unprecedented scaling in both the downstream disposal piping and deep injection well at the City of Deerfield Beach West Water Treatment Plant. Investigation results indicated that iron (31 to 56%), phosphorus (18 to 23%), calcium (12 to 24%), and sulfur (2 to 11%) make up the main comp...

This paper will describe the findings of the engineering assessment and resulting recommendations for an optimal expansion plan and operation of a multi-process treatment facility, including NF, RO and lime softening treatment systems. Other co-located lime softening and membrane facilities could take advantage of a similar process and expansion op...