Reliable methods to predict the fouling potential of reverse osmosis (RO) feed waters are important in preventing and diagnosing fouling at the design stage, and for monitoring pretreatment performance during plant operation (Boerlage, 2007). Particles (both inorganic and organic) are one of the possible origins of RO fouling. However, as mentioned...

In this study, the fouling potential of EfOM from secondary effluent of the Jeddah WWTP was investigated through constant-pressure dead-end filtration tests with a sequential UF and NF array. Advanced analytical methods including liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (F-EEM) ...

Research conducted to examine the effect of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the fouling of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes used to treat seawater from the Red Sea. Although ceramic membranes are known to be robust against high pressures encountered in backwashing and cleaning chemicals, the study was undertaken to determine optimal flux...

Forward osmosis (FO) is a rapidly-growing membrane technology that can be used as an energy-saving alternative to standard membrane water treatment systems such as reverse osmosis (RO). FO in combination with low pressure RO can be applied for water reuse. FO is a membrane filtration process driven by the osmotic pressure difference originating fro...

The study of forward osmosis (FO) membranes is increasing in importance due to their well-known advantages (low-energy consumption and reduced fouling) when compared to high-energy consuming membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO). This research focused on the characterization of the natural organic matter (NOM) fraction causing fouling ...

An energy source (high salinity wastewater/seawater) has been identified using microbial electrochemical technologies (MET). Energy generation as a result of combining microbial desalination and electrodyalysis (microbial fuel cells, MFC) is shown to produce electrical power generation. Desalination rates and max power generation may be improved...

In this paper, biopolymer produced by marine bacteria was monitored over time to determine the TEP production coefficient. During the experiment, cultured marine bacteria was incubated in a 1 liter flask under room temperature with shaking. The cultured marine bacteria was allowed to grow in the flask for 7 days. Water samples were taken from the 1...

This paper discusses the use of ceramic membranes to treat impaired quality source waters (e.g., seawater and wastewater) in seawater pretreatment and water reuse applications. The paper also covers n-line coagulation and a new generation ceramic membrane which has uniform pore-structure, manufactured by anodic oxidation instead of sintering. Discu...

This paper discussed the theoretical and experimental validation of a water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) process that has been successfully tested for seawater desalination. A detailed investigation on the influence of thickness of the water gap was carried in this study. Water vapor flux enhancement in the WGMD process is been described with t...

This work focused on viable pre-treatments options available for managing fouling of ceramic membranes caused by impaired water sources, emphasizing wastewater effluent and high-NOM surface water. Hence, hybrid processes composed of in-line coagulation or powdered activation carbon was employed. Cleaning protocols are also discussed in this researc...

Forward osmosis (FO), an osmotic-driven membrane process, has been gaining attention for being a low-energy alternative for several applications usually performed by pressure-driven membranes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). The FO process requires a draw solution (DS) to create the osmotic pressure as a driving force to separ...

It is essential to use alternative energy, mainly solar, sources to meet the growing demand for desalination and being environmentally friendly. Most solar driven plants are connected to the grid because the exxisting desalination technologies require continuous energy supply for stable operation, which cannot be assured by solar energy alone. In t...

Transparent-exopolymer-particles (TEP) are reported as a significant contributor to organic fouling of low pressure membranes and biofouling of RO membranes. TEP-like substances are generally synthesised from algae and bacteria, but most research only investigates algal TEP instead of bacterial TEP. Results show bacterial mixed TEP caused severe fo...

Innovative thermal/membrane hybrid desalination method is discussed. Use of solar power is also discussed....

This presentation outlines the use of Nanofiltration to enhance the retention time of OMPs in a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) and the overall removal via biodegradation as well as through direct rejection, especially for moderately biodegradable and refractory compounds. Although better performance was achieved with SBR-NF than SBR alone, it woul...

This PowerPoint examines the role of membranes in Seawater desalination both past, current and future...