This PowerPoint presentation discusses why pretreatment is needed at membrane facilities and what can be used to reduce fouling and scaling....

Membrane system design is a dynamic process. Systems that were designed 20, 15, even 10 years ago are often quaint by today's standards. Membrane manufacturers have developed new technologies that allow for higher recovery. Water plants have become more conscious over the years of trying to eek out every drop of water possible. And the industry has...

There are multiple fouling mechanisms in membrane systems including suspendid solids, scaling, organic, and microbiological. It is imperative to fully understand incoming water chemistry to determine potential fouling mechnisms. In RO/NF systems, organic fouling and inorganic scaling are the most common and troublesome. Keys to successful syste...

Destructive membrane autopsies are a highly effective tool for troubleshooting membrane systems. Key parts of an autopsy include pre-testing, visual inspection, and foulant identification. Foulant analysis includes numerous tests that can properly identify main constituents found on the membrane surface. Based on autopsy findings, system changes...

The are numerous types of fouling mechanisms in membrane systems that often require specific cleaning procedures to remove. Both mechanical and chemical cleaning methods can be utilized to restore membrane performance. The type of cleaning method required often depends on the type of fouling experienced. General cleaning procedures and recommend...

The presentation will focus on the importance of accurate data collection, and the analysis of the operating data to provide support in optimizing the operation of membrane treatment systems. Beyond simple data collection, how can the data be used to provide insight into the effectiveness of current operations, and point to potential improvements. ...