Electrodialysis (ED) stack manufacturers play second fiddle to reverse osmosis because of high capital costs even though their products generate 90% less waste brine and require 80% less energy to purify brackish water. Traditional ion exchange membranes are the critical, performance driving component of ED and contribute up to 50% of the total sys...

Electrodialysis (ED) stack manufacturers play second fiddle to reverse osmosis because of high capital costs even though their products generate 90% less waste brine and require 80% less energy to purify brackish water. Traditional ion exchange membranes are the critical, performance driving component of ED and contribute up to 50% of the total sys...