This paper documents a study intended to determine the impact of shear stress conditions on hollow fiber membrane fouling in natural waters, compare shear stress conditions and pre-coagulation on membrane fouling (separately and in combination), and compare the relative cost of shear stress conditions (sparging) and/or pre-coagulation with respect ...

Study to evaluate how biofilm helps to degrade or retain foulants for flux stabilization and improve permeate quality....

The most widely applied pre-treatment to UF is coagulation, often to aggregate fractions of organic matter that cause fouling or those fractions that form disinfection by-products (DBPs) upon chlorination. Recent bench-scale studies have indicated that a low dose of coagulant (< 1 mg/L) is effective at reducing membrane fouling when considering sev...