In an advanced water reuse application, reverse osmosis (RO) technology serves a critical role. This paper reviews the benefits of operating high performance RO membranes, and the obstacles associated with delivering those benefits through the operation of the Orange County Water District?s (OCWD) Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS). Perform...

Controlled studies are needed which examine the anti-biofouling benefits of new membrane and module innovations. Such investigations are often very small in scale, or they may lack sufficient control over feed water properties, or fail to compare against a control group of membranes, or run outside the normal operating ranges of RO systems. To addr...