This paper discusses the lessons learned at the City of Fargo and the City of Grand Forks, North Dakota, water reuse facilities. A 1.4 MGD Effluent Reuse Facility (ERF) was constructed in the fall of 2008 to supply water to an ethanol plant. During the summer of 2014, a 4-month pilot study was performed to investigate an integrated membrane system ...

Membrane facilities are becoming a common and economical form of water treatment. Special design and operational considerations must be made when using in cold climates, as their efficiencies can be affected by changes in water density. Reviewing published literature combined with operational experience from both pilot and full scale membrane syste...