This paper presents two desalination facilities that were constructed to minimize environmental impacts in the forefront. The first facility, the Javea Desalination Plant, minimized brine impact on the receiving body. The second facility, the Beckton Desalination plant, was designed with energy consumption minimized to reduce the carbon footprint a...

This paper describes efforts to find an analytical technique to determine why an reverse osmosis membrane will foul in operation. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection or infrared microscopy coupled by FTIR-ATR is used as well as size exclusion chromatography methods....