These optical and microscopic techniques combined with others such as chemical observation of surface (FTIR), or hydraulic-dynamic tests (filtration tests, molecules or micro-organisms retention) can help to improve the understanding of fouling and/or ageing phenomena occurring during drinking water production in order to manage and minimize them....

This paper looks at the results of autopsying 50 MF/UF modules received from facilities around the world treating water for different applications.The gathered data show that most of the time, the autopsy succeeds in drawing up a cause and effect scenario explaining the observations recorded on sites. The reasons for production loss and integrity f...