This is a paper not only about concentrate disposal and experiences in high usable product water recovery, but also about the basic considerations necessary to achieve that high membrane recovery....

This paper discusses the implications that increasing water recovery has on feed water chemistries and how additional pretreatment is required to eliminate specific solute compounds from interfering with reverse osmosis (RO) system separations and efficiency. Examples of actual system designs with specific feed water chemistries are discussed to s...