This presentation describes the retrofit of a lerge submerged membrane water treatment plant to meet LT2-ESWTR requirements. Descibes steps taken to modify the plant to accept larger surface area cassettes in same footprint. Discusses challenges, and requirements for significant changes to the control logic, requiring total reprogramming....

Reliable methods to predict the fouling potential of reverse osmosis (RO) feed waters are important in preventing and diagnosing fouling at the design stage, and for monitoring pretreatment performance during plant operation (Boerlage, 2007). Particles (both inorganic and organic) are one of the possible origins of RO fouling. However, as mentioned...

Research conducted to examine the effect of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the fouling of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes used to treat seawater from the Red Sea. Although ceramic membranes are known to be robust against high pressures encountered in backwashing and cleaning chemicals, the study was undertaken to determine optimal flux...

This paper and associated presentation explores these areas of regulatory discretion under the Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) membrane regulatory framework, discussing the impact of different approaches both qualitatively (i.e., from a policy perspective) and quantitatively (i.e., using a sensitivity analysis applied t...

ATP is a biomarker for biomass and can be used as a valuable indicator for biofouling. Until now, ATP in seawater could not be measured using luciferin/luciferase reaction due to interference from salt. In this work we describe new methods to measure microbial ATP in seawater. The new method involves extraction of ATP directly from biomass in seawa...