Microfiltration membrane fouling can occur through the accumulation of particles, organic matter and biological growth. Depending on the surface water source and the treatment prior to water contacting the membrane, different fouling mechanisms can occur and physical and chemical cleanings become necessary for the membrane to produce water efficien...

The United States constructed the San Luis Unit to provide irrigation in central California with the 1960 San Luis Act. Subsequent court orders mandated that agricultural drainage service be provided to the farms that were supplied irrigation under the San Luis Act. The impacts to waterfowl and other aquatic species that manifested in 1985 at Keste...

This paper provides detail descriptions of strategies and techniques that are used to maximize RO recovery for a water source with very high scaling potential. RO recovery maximization is critical for downstream Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) operation due to extremely high costs associated with ZLD. Planning level of cost estimations for the membrane...