Prolonged drought across the Southwest United States has caused water utilities to consider alternative supplies. Critical to developing these supplies is an increased reliance on proven technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO). Critical to this technology is the membrane element. While the industry is mature, advances in membrane design and co...

Though the use of membranes for reclaiming municipal wastewater is well understood thanks to over 30 years of experience, the reclamation of industrial wastewater is an ongoing challenge due to the variation and complexity of the incoming feed waters. For such waters, piloting is typically recommended. This paper will follow the process of piloting...