Inland brackish water desalination is offered as a means of creating ?new? water resources in acid regions. However, paper concedes treatment cost remains high and is often exacerbated by cost of concentrate disposal. Paper details the use of high-recovery electro-dialysis reversal (EDR) to reduce treatment costs by minimizing volume of concentrate...

Electrodialysis has many attributes that make it complementary to reverse osmosis, and make RO-ED a powerful combination to maximize recovery while maintaining high product water quality. These attributes of ED include resilience to fouling and insensitivity to osmotic pressure. Several hybrid process flow schemes are enumerated, and working exa...