This paper investigates whether High Pressure RO can be successfully implemented as second stage RO for brine volume minimization without chemical pretreatment. Consderations include feed water quality, intermediate chemical pretreatment, and lower energy consumption in the HPRO process when compared with concentrate disposal options.The investigat...

Eliminating sulfuric acid injection in the NF feed at the City of Palm Coast site improved cartridge filter run times and led to a significant reduction in chemical consumption. The total annual savings in operation costs were estimated to be approximately $145,000. A laboratory analysis performed for this study indicated that the foulant matrix co...