The disposal of concentrate from RO systems presents challenges and typical methods include deep well injection, surface discharge, or sanitary sewer. The volume of water generated or the high salinity impinge on the economic viability of these methods. One accepted method of reducing the volume discharged is to apply additional membrane treatment ...

This powerpoint addresses water chemistry and chemical properties that can be used to improve pretreatment and membrane efficiency. An example of a functioning system in Puerto Rico is discussed....