As interest in direct potable reuse (DPR) grows, equivalency criteria for comparing water quality after indirect potable reuse (IPR) and DPR must be developed. An expert panel convened by the National Water Research Institute for a WateReuse Research Foundation project has developed public health criteria for pathogens, such as enteric viruses and ...

Reverse osmosis (RO) has played an important role in the practice of potable reuse yet there remains a substantial discrepancy between its actual performance and awarded pathogen log removal credit. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate alternative surrogates, both naturally occurring as well as seeded to RO feed water, that offer hig...

This paper will focus on brining an important issue of oxidative damage of RO membranes by the often overlooked bromamines residual that can form in waters containing high levels of bromide, such as municipal wastewater. The key issue for RO system operators and managers is understanding how the potential for the formation bromamines residual depen...