This paper provides a brief History of RO/NFand explains the basics Concepts of Osmosis and RO membrane separation mechanism. It also provides information about membrane selection, average Flux estimate, membrane area required/number of membranes and use of computer Projections to determine the system?s needs....

Overview of design considerations for reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) is presented. Fundamental concepts such as recovery, rejection and membrane flux are defined. Specific to RO and NF, design considerations such as production/permeate quality goals, pretreatment recovery rates, flux rates, membrane selection and staging are all revie...