The Counterflow RO (CFRO) process is a membrane-based method for desalinating brines. It can achieve total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations of up to 250,000 ppm with pressures of less than 1,000 psi or 70 bar and about half the energy required by mechanical vapor compression (MVC) evaporation. This technology has significance for multiple indu...

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This paper presents a novel solution for reducing effluent chlorides or for production of potable water from wastewater treatment plant (WTP) effluent. It combines nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis, softening and CounterFlow Reverse Osmosis (CFRO) technologies to achieve over 99% recovery, minimizing final brine flow while producing drinking-qua...

This paper presents a novel solution for reducing effluent chlorides or for production of potable water from wastewater treatment plant (WTP) effluent. It combines nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis, softening and CounterFlow Reverse Osmosis (CFRO) technologies to achieve over 99% recovery, minimizing final brine flow while producing drinking-qua...

This paper addresses important design considerations for emerging membrane brine concentration processes, with specific focus on osmotically-assisted reverse osmosis (OARO). These processes are assessed on the basis of total cost of water over a range of brine TDS levels. For example, anticipated performance from modeled systems, validated with fie...

This paper addresses important design considerations for emerging membrane brine concentration processes, with specific focus on osmotically-assisted reverse osmosis (OARO). These processes are assessed on the basis of total cost of water over a range of brine TDS levels. For example, anticipated performance from modeled systems, validated with fie...

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