Overview of design and operational philosophy to reduce process pretreatment through the use of minimal chemical additions of antifoulant and/or antiscalent to minimize required membrane cleanings and maximize membrane useful life....

Pilot study to optimize recovery with various anti-scalants at the Kay Bailey Hutchinson desal plant in El Paso, TX....

This paper reviews the chemistry of iron and manganese species in water that affect the operation and maintenance of Reverse Osmosis systems. Results of studies involving iron fouling and control are presented....

This paper focus is on solving major problems of existing RO plants, and closing the gap between these plants and those that run continuously without unscheduled stoppages for more than 12 years. The list incudes functions that should be performed in the design and operation of an RO plant; Process Chemistry, Process Equipment and Process Procedure...

In this conceptual framework, the super-concentrate from the seawater RO in the demonstration plant was treated for calcium sulfate, magnesium, iron and silica precipitation. This paper describes the laboratory conditions used and observations made on the use of lime in preparation for scale-up....

With the growth in the numbers and sizes of reverse osmosis (RO) plants around the world for desalination of brackish, waste and seawater, the costs of operation and maintenance (O&M) of these plants also increase dramatically. We report here several significant cost saving potentials that do not require capital investment....

In this paper, the simplest possible pretreatments needed for controlling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes arising from dissolved salts and invisible colloidal particles will be addressed. The new generation of antiscalants can now control all commonly encountered inorganic scales encountered in natural waters, and even in wastewaters at high rec...