This paper describes the Design, Construction & Startup of a Fast Track Water Reclamation Facility. This project was designed, built, and commissioned in the record time of 14 months (contract awarded in June 2006 and commissioned in August 2007). The paper presents a brief description of design and constructability issues of this fast track projec...

Is recovering energy in low pressure RO systems worth it? The energy consumption of RO process itself accounts for 80% of the overall energy consumption of the facility, and cost of energy accounts for approximately 50% of the annual operating costs. The economics would very much depend on the amount of energy that is recoverable and, more import...

This paper discusses the procurement methods used and cost of the water from Singapore?s seawater desalination and reuse supplies. The cost of the water either desalinated seawater or NEWater is compared as a function of year of implementation and also global market conditions....

This paper updates the current status of the new desalination technologies and provides comparison with respect to the principles of operation, source(s) of energy required, scalability to large scale applications, potential environmental impacts, footprint, operating parameters (such as recovery, treated water quality), and potential environmental...

This paper will discuss performance of various RO membranes tested as part of the challenge testing for various contaminants, performance of various antiscalants and membrane evaluation components of the over pilot study....

Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated regions that is experiencing stresses on its water resources. The Water Supply Department (WSD) of Hong Kong has initiated a Total Water Management strategy to manage demand and supply. As part of this effort, it is implementing a seawater desalination plant with 135 MLD capacity, expandable to 270 MLD...

This important study evaluated a new electrodialysis (ED) technology, electrodialysis metathesis (EDM), which offers the potential to reduce the costs and energy associated with RO concentrate treatment, while reducing solid waste by-products. The paper will provide background information on EDM technology along with 6 months of demonstration testi...

The City of Dunedin owns and operates a Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water Treatment Plant (WTP) that produces high quality potable water for its consumers. The plant requires refurbishment and the City has decided to execute the rehabilitation via a progressive design-build paradigm. This paper will present some historical background on the plant, and dis...

This paper discusses results of an extensive pilot study conducted for City of Dunedin to evaluate pretreatment options for treating groundwater containing Fe and Mn with RO. Processes tested include several oxidants (Cl2, ClO2, O3, KMnO4 and combinations of some of them), 3 types of media (sand, greensand plus, pyrolusite), two UFs (ceramic and po...

This paper summarizes specific challenges, considerations and solutions associated with the design of Eastern Municipal Water District?s (EMWD?s) Perris II Desalter. Topics include source water quality/equalization, pre-treatment, integration with existing facilities, phasing considerations, and RO concentrate volume minimization. The paper will pr...

The Orange County Water District (OCWD) Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) has selected a new filtration membrane to implement for the GWRS final expansion from 100 mgd to 130 mgd. Presently, the GWRS facility has had a singular filtration product for the life of their facility, with an established design and standard operating procedures whic...