Environmental issues of entrainment and impingement can be significant drivers in the development of a coastal desalination facility. A variety of intake options were evaluated for the proposed Santa Cruz CA project. Depending upon the local hydro-geological conditions, feasible options for the project include an infiltration gallery and horizont...

A seawater RO pilot study conducted at the City of Santa Cruz was conducted to evaluate treated water quality and integration into an existing potable water distribution system. Communication efforts with regulators and the community are outlined as well as a summary of "what could have been done differently"....

To address the issues of an aging WTP and licensure requirements, the Wiamea WTP began a project to upgrade its plant with membrane filtration to reliably produce 4 MGD. A demonstration study occurred to confirm produced water quality and introduce operators to membrane filtration processes. With only 2.0-log Giardia removal credit given, there hav...