This paper illustrates how secondary wastewater treatment processes can play a significant role in membrane performance. Membrane performance trends will be presented from multiple Advanced Water Treatment Plants operating on different types of secondary effluents. This paper will provide operators with further insight into the complexities of memb...

Discussion on when to apply NF/RO systems in water and wastewater treatment applications, alogn with the limitations of the technology...

A traditional two-stage RO system was coupled with a 3rd-stage, semi-batch RO process to increase overall recovery above 92%. The CCD process was integrated as a 3rd-stage as it could achieve higher recoveries due to its cyclical operation pattern, ability to achieve higher cross-flow velocities through recirculation of the concentrate stream, and ...